发达国家大学校长的群体特征及其社会学解释  

Group Characteristics and Sociological Explanations of University Presidents in the Developed Countries

作　　者：冯东 陈紫涵 FENG Dong;CHEN Zihan

机构地区：[1]西安外国语大学英语师范学院·教育学院,陕西西安710128 [2]西安外国语大学教育学院

出　　处：《煤炭高等教育》2024年第3期70-76,共7页Meitan Higher Education

基　　金：陕西省教育科学“十四五”规划2021年度课题“多维视角下的陕西省属高校校长群体特征与成长轨迹比较研究”(SGH21Y0107);西安外国语大学教育学院2023年度“师德师风”专项科研项目“教育强国背景下教育家型高校校长的培养路径研究”(YJSKYJJ20230027)。

摘　　要：新时期发达国家大学校长群体展现多元特征:英国校长秉承“学者治校”传统;美国校长群体开放多元且重管理;德国校长在“卓越计划”下强调自主管理;澳大利亚校长则呈现“专门职业”联盟特征。这些特征受经济社会发展、名校传统、任命模式及性别观念影响。中外高校相比,校长之间存在性别、学科、职业化和产生方式的异同。我国高校校长的整体特征为:男性校长和文理科背景占主导,但学科结构和经历趋向多元;职业化发展中兼职与专职并存冲突;校长产生方式在封闭与开放间寻求平衡。In the new era,the university presidents in the developed countries show multiple char-acteristics:the British presidents adhere the tradition of"scholars governing the university";the group of American principals is open,diverse and management-oriented;German chancellors em-phasize the autonomy under the Excellence Program;and Australian headmasters show the charac-teristics of the"specialized profession"alliance.These characteristics are influenced by economic and social development,the tradition of prestigious schools,appointment patterns and gender atti-tudes.Compared with Chinese and foreign universities,there are similarities and differences in gen-der,discipline,professionalization and generation mode among presidents.The overall characteris-tics of college presidents in China are as follows:the male presidents as well as presidents with lib-eral arts and science background are dominant,but the discipline structure and experience tend to be diversified;in the development of professionalism,part-time and full-time coexist in conflict;and the way of creating the headmaster seeks a balance between closure and openness.

关 键 词：发达国家 大学校长 群体特征 

分 类 号：G640[文化科学—高等教育学]