基于头部运动学参数与脑损伤关系的颅脑创伤机制研究进展  

Research progress on mechanism of craniocerebral trauma based on relationship between head acceleration and brain injury

作　　者：张家瑞 杜智博 柳占立[1] 庄茁[1] ZHANG Jiarui;DU Zhibo;LIU Zhanli;ZHUANG Zhuo(School of Aerospace Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学航天航空学院,北京100084

出　　处：《爆炸与冲击》2024年第12期3-22,共20页Explosion and Shock Waves

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020-JCJQ-ZD-254,2022YFC3320500)。

摘　　要：由于轻度创伤性脑损伤的复杂性和数据测量方式的局限性,直接根据脑组织损伤阈值来确定大脑的损伤状态往往并不可行。脑组织的损伤机制涉及复杂的力学、生物化学和生理学过程,且在不同个体之间存在显著差异。通过研究头部运动载荷与脑组织损伤之间的关系,研究者可以更好地理解不同类型的头部运动(如线加速度、角加速度、角速度)对脑组织的影响规律。这不仅有助于揭示颅脑创伤的力学机制,还为开发更有效的防护装具提供科学依据。但直接从头部的运动学测量评估损伤风险仍面临诸多挑战。本文详细总结和评述了与轻度创伤性脑损伤相关的冲击载荷及头部模型特点,通过综合分析头部运动学载荷与脑组织变形响应的关系,揭示包括线加速度、角加速度等载荷作用下脑组织的应力、应变响应规律,指出当前研究中存在的不足与局限性,为轻度创伤性脑损伤的预防、评估及治疗奠定理论和技术基础。Due to the complexity of mild traumatic brain injury(mTBI)and the limitations of data measurement methods,it is often not feasible to directly determine the damage status of the brain based on the brain tissue damage threshold.The damage mechanism of brain tissue involves a variety of complex mechanical,biochemical,and physiological processes that vary significantly between individuals.In addition,existing measurement techniques still have limitations in temporal and spatial resolution,making it difficult to accurately capture the dynamic response of brain tissue.Therefore,establishing the relationship between head motion and brain tissue damage has become a key step in understanding the mechanical mechanism of mild traumatic brain injury.By studying the relationship between head motion and brain tissue damage,researchers can better understand the specific effects of different types of head motion(such as linear acceleration,rotational acceleration,rotational velocity)on brain tissue.This understanding not only helps reveal the basic mechanical mechanisms of mild traumatic brain injury,but also provides a scientific basis for the development of more effective protective equipment.For example,based on these findings,the design of protective helmets can be optimized to better disperse impact energy,reduce stress concentrations in brain tissue,and reduce the risk of trauma.However,there are still many challenges in assessing injury risk directly from kinematic measurements of the head.This article summarizes and reviews in detail the load characteristics related to mild traumatic brain injury and their corresponding brain tissue response,including the stress and strain effects of head kinematic parameters on brain tissue.In addition,this article also explores the head models used in studying brain injury mechanisms and their characteristics,such as high-precision finite element models and multi-scale models,which play an important role in simulating the deformation response of brain tissue.By comprehensively analyzi

关 键 词：致伤机制 碰撞载荷 爆炸载荷 角加速度 头部模型 脑组织应变 

分 类 号：O389[理学—流体力学]