爆炸冲击伤发生机制及防护材料研究进展  

Research progress on the mechanism of explosion impact injury and protective materials

作　　者：阮洪伟 范思宇 曾灵 蒋建新 张安强 RUAN Hongwei;FAN Siyu;ZENG Ling;JIANG Jianxin;ZHANG Anqiang(Wound Trauma Medical Center,Daping Hospital,Army Medical University,Chongqing 400042,China;State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning,Daping Hospital,Army Medical University,Chongqing 400042,China)

机构地区：[1]陆军军医大学大坪医院战创伤医学中心,重庆400042 [2]陆军军医大学大坪医院创伤与化学中毒国家重点实验室,重庆400042

出　　处：《爆炸与冲击》2024年第12期41-54,共14页Explosion and Shock Waves

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020-JCJQ-ZD-254-05);陆军特色医学中心人才创新能力培养计划(ZXYZZKY03);陆军军医大学青年培育项目(2023XQN48)。

摘　　要：爆炸冲击伤是我国面临的重大公共卫生问题,呈现高发、群发、难防的特点,并且危重伤多,感染发生率高,诊治难度大。对爆炸冲击伤施以有效的防护胜过任何最可靠的救治。爆炸冲击伤防护是涉及医学、材料学、爆炸冲击力学等多学科的复杂问题,需要建立起爆炸冲击波传播、伤情评估、材料设计制备及材料衰减性能评测等方面的关系。基于此,本文从爆炸冲击波的产生、传播及爆炸冲击伤的发生机制出发,介绍了肺部、颅脑爆炸伤致伤机制,给出了不同程度的肺部、颅脑冲击伤的损伤力学指标,并系统地综述了爆炸冲击伤防护材料的研究现状及进展,讨论了不同材料的防护机理,重点针对目前广泛使用的爆炸冲击波防护材料,如多孔材料、水凝胶、聚脲等进行综述。此外,针对防护材料衰减爆炸冲击波性能评估方法不统一的问题,对材料衰减爆炸冲击波性能,如生物评估法、引线测试法等评估方法进行了全面的调研并分析了各种评估方法的优缺点。最后展望了在爆炸冲击波防护性能评测、动物爆炸冲击伤伤情和材料防护性能与人员防护之间的尺度关系、材料力学指标与防护性能之间的关系等方面的发展趋势。本文可为人员爆炸冲击伤防护材料的设计制备、应用和测试提供技术、理论参考。Explosion shock injury is a major public health problem facing China,characterized by high incidence rate,mass occurrence,and difficulty in prevention,with many critical injuries,high infection rates,and difficult diagnosis and treatment.Effective protection against explosive shock injuries is superior to any reliable treatment.Explosion shock injury protection is a complex problem involving multiple disciplines such as medicine,materials science,and explosion shock mechanics.It requires establishing relationships between the propagation of explosion shock waves,injury assessment,material design and preparation,and evaluation of material attenuation performance.Based on this,starting from the generation,propagation of explosion shock wave and the occurrence mechanism of explosion shock injury,this paper introduces the injury mechanism of lung and brain explosion injury,gives the injury mechanics indexes of different degrees of lung and brain explosion injury,systematically reviews the research status and progress of protective materials for explosion shock injury,discusses the protection mechanism of different materials,and focuses on the widely used protective materials for explosion shock wave,such as porous materials,hydrogels,polyurea,etc.In addition,in response to the problem of inconsistent evaluation methods for the attenuation of explosive shock wave performance of protective materials,a comprehensive investigation was conducted on the evaluation methods of material attenuation of explosive shock wave performance,such as biological evaluation method,lead testing method,etc.,and the advantages and disadvantages of various evaluation methods were analyzed.Finally,the development trends in the evaluation of explosion shock wave protection performance,the scale relationship between animal explosion shock injury severity and material protection performance and personnel protection,and the relationship between material mechanics indicators and protection performance were discussed.This article aims to provide t

关 键 词：爆炸冲击伤 发生机制 防护 材料 

分 类 号：O389[理学—流体力学]