不同海拔高度炮口冲击波动态演化特性数值模拟研究  

Numerical simulation study on the dynamic evolution characteristics of muzzle shock waves at different altitudes

作　　者：康越 马天 王俊龙 张逸之 张文博 韩笑 栗志杰 KANG Yue;MA Tian;WANG Junlong;ZHANG Yizhi;ZHANG Wenbo;HAN Xiao;LI Zhijie(Institute of Systems Engineering,Academy of Military Sciences,Beijing 100010,China;School of Physics and Optoelectronics,Xiangtan University,Xiangtan 411105,Hunan,China;School of Aerospace Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,Liaoning,China;Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]军事科学院系统工程研究院,北京100010 [2]湘潭大学物理与光电工程学院,湖南湘潭411105 [3]清华大学航天航空学院,北京100084 [4]大连理工大学机械工程学院,辽宁大连116024 [5]清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院,北京100084

出　　处：《爆炸与冲击》2024年第12期55-71,共17页Explosion and Shock Waves

摘　　要：基于耦合的欧拉-拉格朗日(coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian,CEL)法建立了“火药燃气-炮管/炮弹-空气”流固耦合模型,分别对低海拔(海拔高度0 m)、中海拔(海拔高度1000 m)、亚高海拔(海拔高度3000 m)和高海拔(海拔高度5000 m)环境下大口径火炮的发射过程进行了数值模拟,研究了海拔高度对炮口冲击波动态演化过程的影响机制。模拟结果表明,大口径火炮炮口冲击波动态演化过程具有显著的方向依赖性,炮口冲击波峰值压力随海拔高度的增加而降低,峰值压力与环境压力近似呈线性关系;形成于炮口制退器处的侧向冲击波主导了操炮人员典型作业区域(炮口后方3~5 m)的冲击波超压峰值,在不同海拔条件下进行火炮射击都可致操炮人员听觉器官发生损伤,并对非听觉器官造成威胁。因此,亟需提高操炮人员个体装备防护性能,从而形成对眼、耳、肺和脑等重要器官的有效保护。Based on the coupled Euler-Lagrangian(CEL)method,a fluid-solid coupling model of gunpowder gasbarrel/cannonball-air is established.Numerical simulations are carried out on the launching process of large-caliber artillery shells in low altitude(altitude 0 m),medium altitude(altitude 1000 m),sub-high altitude(altitude 3000 m)and high altitude(altitude 5000 m)environments,and the comparative studies are conducted on the influence mechanism of altitudes on the dynamic evolution characteristics of muzzle shock waves.The simulation results show that the dynamic evolution process of the muzzle shock wave has significant direction dependence.The peak pressure of the muzzle shock wave will decrease as the altitude increases(namely the ambient pressure decreases),and the decrease of peak pressure is approximately linear to the change of ambient pressure.Increasing altitude will reduce the pressure peak of the muzzle shock wave for the same position(same distance and direction).The lateral muzzle shock wave,formed at the muzzle brake,dominates the pressure peak in the typical operating zone of the artillery operators(3–5 m behind the muzzle).The pressure peak value and effective action time at different altitudes can cause damage to the hearing organs,and induce the threat to the non-hearing organs.Therefore,the protection capabilities of artillery operators’equipment is urgently needed to be improved,providing the effective protection for the important organs,such as ears,eyes,lungs and brains.

关 键 词：炮口冲击波 流固耦合模型 海拔高度 人员防护 

分 类 号：O382[理学—流体力学]