爆炸冲击波作用下聚脲材料对肺冲击伤防护作用的数值模拟研究  

Numerical simulation study on the protective effects of polyurea materials against lung blast injuries under blast wave loading

作　　者：刘迪 陈菁 张安强 赵晓东 张双博 康建毅 李朝龙[3] 曾灵 LIU Di;CHEN Jing;ZHANG Anqiang;ZHAO Xiaodong;ZHANG Shuangbo;KANG Jianyi;LI Chaolong;ZENG Ling(State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning,Daping Hospital,Army Medical University,Chongqing 400042,China;Wound Trauma Medical Center,Daping Hospital,Army Medical University,Chongqing 400042,China;Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chongqing 401120,China)

机构地区：[1]陆军军医大学大坪医院创伤与化学中毒国家重点实验室,重庆400042 [2]陆军军医大学大坪医院战创伤医学中心,重庆400042 [3]中国科学院重庆绿色智能技术研究院,重庆401120

出　　处：《爆炸与冲击》2024年第12期82-92,共11页Explosion and Shock Waves

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2020-JCJQ-ZD-254-05);后勤科研重点项目(BLJ23J006);陆军特色医学中心人才创新能力培养计划(ZXYZZKY03)。

摘　　要：肺冲击伤是爆炸后第一级冲击伤最常见的死因,进行有效防护是减轻伤情、提升救治效能的最优举措。聚脲材料作为躯体防具的研究尚在起步阶段,本研究通过有限元数值模拟探讨了冲击波作用下聚脲材料对肺脏的防护效应及其对冲击波的衰减特性。首先利用LS-DYNA软件模拟冲击波对穿戴防护材料的山羊胸部的直接损伤过程,然后通过实爆测压数据及肺大体伤情进行有效性验证,最后利用该冲击波防护后效应有限元计算模型完成聚脲材料对人员肺冲击伤防护效应的评估。结果表明:右肺朝向爆心时,冲击波肺损伤应力主要集中在右肺下叶,防护模型肺脏整体应力较小,肺所受负压所致肺过牵效应减弱;聚脲材料能够有效衰减到达皮肤和肺脏表面的超压峰值约58.8%,降低胸骨最大线速度约22.4%,且随冲击波压强的增大,衰减能力增强,从而有效降低肺冲击伤的发生率和严重程度。建立的人员防护效应计算机仿真评估模型为新型防护材料用于人员肺冲击伤的防护效能评估、防护后损伤程度预测提供了方法,具有重要的军事和社会意义。Lung blast injury is the most common cause of death from primary blast injuries,and effective protection is crucial for mitigating injuries and improving treatment outcomes.Research on polyurea materials as body armor is still in its early stages.This study conducted numerical simulations to investigate the mechanical response of lungs protected by polyurea under blast wave conditions and the attenuation characteristics of polyurea against blast waves.The LS-DYNA software was used to simulate the direct damage process of blast waves on the thorax of goats wearing protective materials,and the validity was verified through field pressure data and gross lung injury observations.Finally,the finite element model of blast wave protection effects was used to evaluate the protective effects of polyurea materials on human lung blast injuries.The results showed that when the right lung faces the blast center,the stress from lung injuries is mainly concentrated in the lower lobe of the right lung.The overall stress in the protected lung model is lower,and the lung overtraction effect caused by the negative pressure is weakened.Polyurea materials can effectively attenuate the peak overpressure on the skin and lung surface by approximately 58.8%,reduce the maximum velocity of the sternum by about 22.4%,and enhance attenuation capacity with increasing blast wave pressure,thereby effectively reducing the incidence and severity of lung blast injuries.The established computer simulation evaluation model for personnel protection effects provides a method for evaluating the protective efficacy of new protective materials against lung blast injuries and predicting post-protection injury severity,with significant military and social implications.

关 键 词：爆炸冲击波 肺冲击伤 聚脲防护 超压峰值 

分 类 号：O389[理学—流体力学]