三亚辣椒害虫发生规律及蓟马种群动态分析  

Occurrence regularity of major pepper pests anddynamics of thrips dominant population in Sanya

作　　者：吴明月 李少卡 李启珊 符振实 林俊旭 许怡博 孔祥义 谢文[2,3] WU Mingyue;LI Shaoka;LI Qishan;FU Zhenshi;LIN Junxu;XU Yibo;KONG Xiangyi;XIE Wen(Sanya Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Sanya,Hainan 572000,China;State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding,Insitute of Vegetables and Flowers,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;National Nanfan Research Institute(Sanya),Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Sanya,Hainan 572024,China)

机构地区：[1]三亚市热带农业科学研究院,海南三亚572000 [2]中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,蔬菜生物育种全国重点实验室,北京100081 [3]三亚中国农业科学院国家南繁研究院,海南三亚572024

出　　处：《热带生物学报》2024年第6期655-663,共9页Journal of Tropical Biology

基　　金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFD1400100);三亚崖州湾科技城配套资助定向组织项目(SKJC-2022-PTDX-017);海南省科技人才创新项目资助(KJRC2023C45)。

摘　　要：为探究海南冬季瓜菜主产区辣椒上主要害虫发生规律及蓟马种群动态变化,采用田间植株目测法和色板引诱法对不同管理模式下辣椒田害虫发生规律及种群动态展开调查。结果显示,常规施药和未施药辣椒田均以蓟马(Thrips)为主要害虫;未施药辣椒田害虫种类丰富,包括蓟马、蚜虫(Aphid)、茶黄螨[Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks)]和烟粉虱[Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)]等共6目8科14种害虫,整个生育期以蓟马为主,其中盛花期前以瓜蓟马[Thrips palmi (Karny)]为优势种,在盛花期及以后以花蓟马[Frankliniella intonsa(Trybom)]为优势种群,其各个生育期种群优势度分别为0.795 5、0.762 8、0.542 1和0.076 9,均伴有少量普通大蓟马[Megalurothrips usitatus(Bagnll)]发生;茶黄螨于辣椒花期开始暴发。常规施药辣椒田整个生育期仍以蓟马为主,蓟马以花蓟马为优势种群,种群优势度分别为0.412 6、0.464 6、0.670 7和0.664 9,均高于瓜蓟马和普通大蓟马;开花结果期种群数量出现多个发生高峰,盛花期为暴发盛期,虫口数量高达55头·株,远高于其他生育期。综上所述,未施药和常规施药的辣椒田害虫种类、发生规律及优势种群虽存在一定差异,但两种管理模式下均以蓟马为主要害虫,且发生规律与辣椒花期阶段呈正向关系,盛花期为为害暴发期。本研究明确了海南三亚冬季瓜菜主产区辣椒上主要害虫种类、发生规律及蓟马优势种动态,为海南热区辣椒害虫发生预测预报和制定防控治理措施提供理论指导。Pest surveys were made by using both visual observation and color plates attraction to investigate the occurrence and population dynamics of major pests,including thrips,in pepper fields of Sanya’s main winter vegetable production regions in Hainan.Our findings reveal that thrips was the main pest in both conventionally treated and untreated pepper fields.Untreated chili fields harbored a diverse array of pests,spanning six orders,eight families,and 14 species,with thrips,aphids,Polyphagotarsonemus latus(Banks),and Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)being the most prevalent.Notably,Thrips palmi Karny was dominant throughout the growth cycle in the untreated pepper field,while Frankliniella intonsa(Trybom)prevailed during the middle to late flowering stages.These dominances,expressed as indices,were 0.7955,0.7628,0.5421,and 0.0769,respectively at the seedling stage and the prophase and the middle and late stages of flowering and fruiting,with a minor presence of Megalurothrips usitatus(Bagnll).Infestation peaks emerge during the initial and second flowering stages of peppers,while Polyphagotarsonemus latus(Banks)outbreaks occur during flowering.In conventionally pesticidetreated pepper fields,thrips remain the major pest,dominating the entire growth cycle.Their population dominance indices,ranging from 0.4126 to 0.6707,were higher than those of T.palmi and M.usitatus.During flowering and fruiting,multiple population peaks occur,particularly during the initial flowering,first and second flowering phases,and late flowering and fruiting periods.The second flowering stage marked the climax of the pest outbreak,with a stunning count of 55 thrips per plant,significantly surpassing other growth phases.In conclusion,notable disparities exist in pest species,occurrence trends,and prevailing species between untreated and conventionally treated pepper fields.Regardless of management approach,thrips emerge as the primary menace,and their emergence patterns align closely with pepper’s flowering cycle.Two distinct pest outbreaks acco

关 键 词：辣椒 蓟马 发生规律 优势种群 三亚 

分 类 号：S436.418[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]