有机肥替代化学氮肥的不同比例对海南橡胶林土壤养分和酶活性的影响  

Effects of different proportions of organic fertilizer replacing chemical nitrogen fertilizer on soil nutrients and enzyme activities of rubber plantations in Hainan Island

作　　者：陆问 徐文娴 苏天燕 于磊 蒋亚敏 鲁静丽 刘文杰[1,2] 杨秋 LU Wen;XU Wenxian;SU Tianyan;YU Lei;JIANG Yamin;LU Jingli;LIU Wenjie;YANG Qiu(College of Ecology and Environment,Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570228,China;Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province,Haikou,Hainan 570228,China;Rubber Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou,Hainan 571101,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学生态与环境学院,海口570228 [2]海南省农林环境过程与生态调控重点实验室,海口570228 [3]中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所,海口571101

出　　处：《热带生物学报》2024年第6期745-755,共11页Journal of Tropical Biology

基　　金：海南省重点研发计划(ZDYF2022XDNY181);国家自然科学地区基金(42367034)。

摘　　要：开展不同比例有机肥替代化学氮肥对橡胶林土壤养分和酶活性的影响研究,对有机肥替代化学氮肥的合理替代比例选择和天然橡胶产业的可持续发展具有重要意义。选取海南省白沙黎族自治县珠碧江农场橡胶林为研究对象,利用等量施氮的原则从2022年6月设置6组不同处理:不施肥处理(CK)、常规施肥处理(NPK)、有机肥替代25%化学氮肥处理(25%M)、有机肥替代50%化学氮肥处理(50%M)、有机肥替代75%化学氮肥处理(75%M)、有机肥替代100%化学氮肥处理(100%M)。施肥4个月后采集不同处理0~10 cm、10~20 cm、20~40 cm和40~60 cm的土壤样品,分析了土壤养分和酶活性特征。结果表明:1)相比NPK处理,25%M处理显著提高0~10 cm、10~20 cm、20~40 cm和40~60 cm土层土壤有机碳(SOC)含量;75%M处理均显著提高0~10 cm和10~20 cm土层土壤全氮(TN)含量;75%M、100%M处理显著提高0~10 cm土层土壤硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)含量;25%M处理显著提高0~10 cm、10~20 cm和20~40 cm土层土壤铵态氮(NH_(4)^(+)-N)含量;100%M处理显著提高0~10 cm和10~20 cm土层土壤速效磷(AvP)含量。2)相比于CK处理,75%M处理显著提高10~20 cm和40~60 cm土层土壤C(β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶,BG)、N(L-亮氨酸氨基肽酶,LAP;β-1,4-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶,LAP)、P(酸性磷酸酶,AP)循环酶活性。3)随机森林模型结果表明,影响C、N、P循环酶活性的主要因子有pH、SOC、土壤含水量(SWC)、TN、AvP、NH_(4)^(+)-N、NO_(3)^(-)-N。4)与NPK处理相比,50%M、75%M和100%M处理橡胶单株累积产量分别提高11.9%、16.4%和11.8%。综上所述,75%的有机肥替代比例能提高土壤TN含量和土壤C、N、P循环相关酶活性,从而改善橡胶林土壤环境,也能更好地提高橡胶单株产量,有利于促进橡胶生产的可持续发展。The effects of different proportions of organic fertilizer replacing chemical nitrogen fertilizer on soil nutrient and enzyme activity in rubber plantations is of great significance for selecting a reasonable substitution ratio and the sustainable development of natural rubber.The rubber plantations in Zhubijiang Farm,Baisha Li Autonomous County,Hainan Province was selected as the subject,and six different treatments were set up from June 2022 using the principle of equal nitrogen application:no fertilizer treatment(CK),Conventional fertilizer treatment(NPK),organic fertilizer replacing 25%chemical nitrogen treatment(25%M),organic fertilizer replacing 50%chemical nitrogen treatment(50%M),organic fertilizer replacing 75%chemical nitrogen treatment(75%M),organic fertilizer replacing 100%chemical nitrogen treatment(100%M).Soil samples of 0~10 cm,10~20 cm,20~40 cm and 40~60 cm were collected after fertilization for 4 months,and the characteristics of soil nutrients and enzyme activities were analyzed.The results showed that 1)compared with the NPK treatment,the 25%M and 50%M treatments significantly increased the soil organic carbon(SOC)content in 0~10 cm,10~20 cm,20~40 cm and 40~60 cm soil layers.The 75%M treatment significantly increased soil total N(TN)content in all soil layers at 0~10 cm and 10~20 cm.The 75%M and 100%M significantly increased the content of soil nitrate-N(NO_(3)^(-)-N)in 0~10 cm soil layer.The 25%M treatment significantly increased the content of soil NH+4-N in 0~10 cm,10~20 cm,and 20~40 cm soil layers.The 100%M treatment significantly increased the content of soil available P(AvP)in 0~10 cm and 10~20 cm soil layers.2)Compared with the CK treatment,the 75%M treatment significantly increased activities of C(β-1,4-glucosidase,BG),N(L-leucine aminopeptidase,LAP;β-1,4-N-Acetyl Glucosaminase(AP)),P(Acid phosphatase,AP)cycling enzymes in the 10~20 cm and 40~60 cm soil layers.The pH,SOC,soil water content(SWC),TN,AvP,NH_(4)^(+)-N and NO_(3)^(-)-N were the main factors affecting the activities of C,N

关 键 词：橡胶林 有机肥替代 土壤酶活性 土壤酶生态化学计量 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S154.2[农业科学—土壤学]