退塘还林红树林大型底栖动物群落结构变化及影响因素  

Changes and influencing factors of macrobenthic community structure in mangrove forests returning ponds to forests

作　　者：尹连政 秦永强 苏园园 雷俊[1,2] 曾若菡 黎平[2] 刁晓平[1] YIN Lianzheng;QIN Yongqiang;SU Yuanyuan;LEI Jun;ZENG Ruohan;LI Ping;DIAO Xiaoping(State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in the South China Sea,Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570288;College of Ecology and Environment,Hainan University,Haikou,Hainan 570288;College of Ecology and Environment,Hainan Normal University,Haikou,Hainan 570288,China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学南海海洋资源利用国家重点实验室,海口570288 [2]海南大学生态与环境学院,海口570288 [3]海南师范大学生态与环境学院,海口570288

出　　处：《热带生物学报》2024年第6期780-790,共11页Journal of Tropical Biology

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金面上项目(323MS010)。

摘　　要：为揭示红树林修复过程中大型底栖动物群落变化特征及其与环境影响因子,本研究于2022年12月(旱季)和2023年6月(雨季)随机选择5个不同修复阶段(2017—2021年)的红树林区域和1个原生红树林区域作为采样点,通过五点采样法采集沉积物的样品,按照《海洋调查规范:海洋生物调查指南》(GB/T12763.6—2007)对沉积物中大型底栖动物进行调查。共获得并鉴定出大型底栖动物30种,隶属4纲9目18科。原生区和修复区红树林均以腹足纲和软甲纲动物为主,主要优势种有珠带拟蟹守螺(Cerithidea cingulata)、纵带滩栖螺(Batillaria zonalis)、红树林招潮蟹(Uca rhizophorae)等。与原生区红树林相比,修复区红树林大型底栖动物的物种数、优势种数、栖息密度、生物量和多样性指数,均随修复年限的增加呈上升的趋势,表明通过生态修复使红树林生境的质量得到改善,大型底栖动物群落结构和栖息密度存在明显的季节性差异,大型底栖动物物种数和栖息密度旱季高于雨季;而优势种数、生物量和多样性指数旱季却低于雨季。相关性分析结果表明沉积物pH和总氮是影响红树林大型底栖动物优势种分布的主要环境因子。研究结果显示退塘还林的红树林修复工程在一定程度改善了修复区域的生态环境质量,大型底栖动物群落结构变化与修复年限呈现明显的相关性,大型底栖动物的生物多样性得到恢复。本研究为红树林大型底栖动物多样性保护和红树林生态修复提供了科学依据。Due to the influence of human activities such as pond aquaculture,the mangrove forests in Lingshui,Hainan Province have been seriously encroached.Since 2016,Lingshui has started to implement the ecological restoration project of mangrove wetlands by returning the ponds for aquaculture to the forests.In order to understand the characteristics of macrobenthic community changes and their relationship with environmental factors during mangrove restoration,surveys were made of benthic macrofauna in mangrove forests at five different restoration stages(2017—2021)and one natural mangrove area in December 2022(dry season)and June 2023(rainy season),respectively.A total of 30 species of benthic macrofauna belonging to 4 classes,9 orders and 18 families were collected and identified.The main dominant species in both natural and restored mangrove forests are gastropods and mollusks,such as the pearl-banded crab snail,the longitudinal-banded beach snail,the mangrove fiddler crab,etc.The number of species,habitat density,biomass and diversity index of mangrove macrobenthos in the mangrove restoration area showed an increasing trend with the increase of the restoration period,indicating that the community structure of benthic macrofauna was becoming more and more stable and the quality of mangrove habitats has been improved in the return-pond-to-forest restoration project.Moreover,in terms of seasonal distribution,the number of macrobenthic species and habitat density were higher in the dry season than in the rainy season;whereas the number of dominant species,biomass,and diversity indices were lower in the dry season than in the rainy season.Correlation analysis showed that pH and total nitrogen content of the sediment were the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of mangrove macrobenthos.All the results showed that the mangrove restoration project of returning ponds to forests had improved to some extent the eco-environment quality of the mangrove restoration area and that the community structure of the be

关 键 词：大型底栖动物 群落结构 生态修复 红树林 理化因子 

分 类 号：S781.5[农业科学—木材科学与技术]