钴镁复合材料处理稀土冶炼放射性废水性能分析  

Performance Analysis of Cobalt-Magnesium Composite Materials in Treating Rare Earth Smelting Radioactive Wastewater

作　　者：李冠超 徐志良 温丽容 孙功明 王战勇 毕明亮 李小燕[4] 李琨 LI Guanchao;XU Zhiliang;WEN Lirong;SUN Gongming;WANG Zhanyong;BI Mingliang;LI Xiaoyan;LI Kun(Radiation Environment Monitoring Center of Guangdong Province Nuclear Industry Geological Bureau,Guangzhou 510800,China;Guangdong Nuclear Force Institute of Engineering Investigation,Guangzhou 510800,China;Environmental Radiation Monitoring and Nuclear Emergency Response Technical Support Center of Guangdong Province,Guangzhou 510800,China;State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment,East China University of Technology,Nanchang 330013,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省核工业地质局辐射环境监测中心,广州510800 [2]广东核力工程勘察院,广州510800 [3]广东省环境辐射监测与核应急响应技术支持中心,广州510800 [4]东华理工大学核资源与环境国家重点实验室,南昌330013

出　　处：《有色金属（冶炼部分）》2024年第12期146-156,共11页Nonferrous Metals（Extractive Metallurgy)

基　　金：广东省地质勘查与城市地质专项项目(粤自然资地勘[2020]1111号)。

摘　　要：采用共沉淀法,合成了钴镁复合材料,运用SEM、XRD、FTIR和XPS等手段对复合材料进行了表征分析,并探究了去除时间、溶液pH、离子强度、U(Ⅵ)初始浓度、固液比、反应温度对复合材料去除废水中U(Ⅵ)性能的影响。吸附试验表明,在去除时间30 min、溶液pH为4.0、固液比6.0 g/L、反应温度75℃的条件下,钴镁复合材料对水中U(Ⅵ)的去除效果最好,去除率约100%。等温吸附、动力学和热力学研究表明:吸附过程符合Freundlich等温吸附模型和准二级吸附动力学模型,并且是一个自发且不可逆的吸热反应过程。根据最佳吸附条件,将钴镁复合材料应用于广东省某稀土冶炼放射性废水中U(Ⅵ)的去除,结果表明,U(Ⅵ)去除率为98.1%,处理后的废水铀含量达到《稀土工业污染物排放标准》(GB 26451—2011)排放标准要求,该复合材料在伴生放射性矿含铀酸性废水处理方面具有良好的应用前景。Cobalt-magnesium composite materials(Co-Mg LDH)were prepared by co-precipitation method and characterized by SEM,XRD,FTIR and XPS characterization methods.The effects of removal time,pH value of solution,ion strengths,initial concentration of U(Ⅵ),solid-to-liquid ratio,and reaction temperature of Co-Mg LDH on removing of U(Ⅵ)were investigated.The results show that Co-Mg LDH has the best removal capability on U(Ⅵ)in solution under the conditions including removal time of 30 min,pH value of solution of 4,dosage of Co-Mg LDH of 6 g/L,and reaction temperature of 75℃,the removal rate is about 100%.The results of isothermal adsorption,kinetics,and thermodynamics studies have shown that the adsorption process conforms to the Freundlich isotherm adsorption model and quasi second order adsorption kinetics model,which is a spontaneous and irreversible endothermic reaction process.According to the optimal adsorption conditions,Co-Mg LDH has been applied to the removal of U(Ⅵ)from rare earth smelting radioactive wastewater in Guangdong Province.The results show that the removal rate of U(Ⅵ)is 98.1%,and the uranium content of the wastewater meets the discharge standard of Rare Earth Industry Pollutants(GB 26451—2011).The composite material has a good application prospect in the treatment of uranium containing acidic wastewater from associated radioactive ore.

关 键 词：钴镁复合材料 铀 吸附 稀土冶炼放射性废水 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]