初冬刈割对冬燕麦越冬率与生产性能的影响  

Effects of Early Winter Mowing on the Winter Survival Rate and Production Performance of Winter Oats

作　　者：董春阳 桑瑞娟 张晓霞 何云[3] 于宗硕 孙浩 刘伯帅 姚晋 李德锋[1,4,5] DONG Chunyang;SANG Ruijuan;ZHANG Xiaoxia;HE Yun;YU Zongshuo;SUN Hao;LIU Boshuai;YAO Jin;LI Defeng(College of Animal Science and Technology,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Henan Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Station,Zhengzhou 450008,China;College of Animal Science,Henan Institute of Science and Technology,Xinxiang 453003,China;Henan Key Laboratory of Forage Resources Innovation and Utilization,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学动物科技学院,河南郑州450046 [2]河南省畜牧技术推广总站,河南郑州450008 [3]河南科技学院动物科技学院,河南新乡453003 [4]河南省饲草资源创新与利用重点实验室,河南郑州450046 [5]河南省牧草工程技术研究中心,河南郑州450046

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2024年第11期74-81,共8页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：河南省科技攻关计划项目(222102110133);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-34)。

摘　　要：为研究初冬刈割对旺长燕麦越冬率和生产性能的影响,以豫北9月10日、9月20日、9月30日播种的3个早播燕麦为研究对象,设置不刈割、11月10日(立冬)刈割、11月25日(初霜期)刈割和12月10日刈割4个刈割处理,以10月20日晚播的燕麦为对照,分别测定其越冬率、初冬产草量和草品质、再生草产量和草品质。结果表明:播种越早,初冬刈割时株高和产草量越高,最高分别可达78 cm、4.73 t/hm^(2),初冬刈割时收获的燕麦草粗蛋白含量较高,可达30%,相对饲喂价值达220;初冬不同刈割时间对越冬率的影响不同,11月10日刈割的燕麦越冬率在74.3%~97.3%之间,显著高于不刈割处理,11月25日刈割的燕麦越冬率降为3.3%~72.7%,12月10日刈割的燕麦越冬率降为0%;11月10日刈割可显著提高燕麦分蘖数;初冬第1次刈割后,再生草在乳熟期第2次刈割,共可收获2茬草,其总产量与对照仅刈割1次的产草量无显著差异。综上所述,初冬适时刈割可显著提高旺长燕麦的越冬率和分蘖数,保障第二年的生产,初冬刈割时可收获1茬高品质燕麦草。In order to understand the effects of early winter mowing on the winter survival rate and pro-duction performance of vigorous growth oats,this study focused on early sowing oats on September 10th,September 20th and September 30th in northern Henan province.Four mowing treatments were imple-mented:no mowing,mowing on November 10(the beginning of winter),mowing on November 25(early frost period),and mowing on December 10.Late sowing oats on October 20th were the control.The win-ter survival rate,early winter hay yield and nutritional quality,and regrowth hay yield and quality were measured.The results showed that the earlier the sowing was done,the higher the plant grew and hay yielded in early winter,and the highest plant height and hay yield reached 78 cm and 4.73 t·hmm^(-2),respec-tively.The crude protein content of oats mowed in early winter attained 30%,and the RFV scored 220.The winter survival rate varied under different mowing dates.Mowing on November 10th significantly increased the winter survival rate(74.3%to 97.3%)of oats.The oats mowed on November 25th were par-tially survived(3.3%to 72.7%),whereas the oats mowed on December 10th were all winter killed.Tiller numbers of oats were significantly increased when mowing on November 10th.A second cut was conducted when regrowth to milk stage and there was no difference on total hay yield of two cuttings compared to single cut.In summary,timely mowing in early winter can significantly increase the winter survival rate and the tiller number of vigorously growing oats,ensuring production in the subsequent year,and acquiring one cut of high-quality hay in early winter.

关 键 词：冬燕麦 越冬率 刈割 生产性能 

分 类 号：S512.6[农业科学—作物学]