全球草地退化的成因、修复技术及恢复效果评估研究进展  

Review of Causes,Restoration Techniques,and Effectiveness Evaluation of Global Grassland Degradation

作　　者：李祎 李亚晓 亓雯雯 李绍阳 李娜[3] 徐璐[1] 马红媛[1] LI Yi;LI Yaxiao;QI Wenwen;LI Shaoyang;LI Na;XU Lu;MA Hongyuan(Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Lanzhou Information Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730030)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春130102 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院兰州文献情报中心,甘肃兰州730030

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2024年第11期110-129,共20页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：国家重点研发项目(2022YFF1300601);中国科学院A类战略性先导专项(XDA28110301);吉林省重点研发项目(20220203023SF)。

摘　　要：草地是面积最大的陆地生态系统,具有重要的生产、生活和生态功能,对世界粮食安全和生态安全具有重要的意义。然而由于全球变化和人类活动,草地生态系统出现不同程度的退化。退化草地的恢复及恢复后草地的结构和功能的稳定性成为全球共同关注的热点问题。本文综述了全球不同类型草地退化的现状与成因,系统总结了不同类型的草地修复技术及其对生态系统结构和功能的影响及作用机制,概括了目前退化草地恢复效果评估方法。本文提出了未来研究应该聚焦在以下几个方面:首先要加强退化草地修复技术体系构建,形成不同类型草地的修复模式;其次,重视修复前后草地“空-天-地”一体化监测技术体系构建,维持退化草原修复后的生态效果;此外要注重加强多年生乡土物种的恢复,在提升草地生态功能的同时提高生产功能,需要重视对草地生态系统修复中的基础科学问题的研究,为世界不同类型草地生态系统的群落结构、生产-生态功能的恢复提供技术支撑和理论依据,为维护我国粮食安全和生态安全,加快美丽中国建设提供借鉴。Grasslands are the most expansive terrestrial ecosystem on earth,providing essential produc-tion,livelihood,and ecological functions.They play a vital role in global food security and ecological integ-rity.However,grasslands worldwide have experienced varying degrees of degradation due to the combined pressures of global environmental change and anthropogenic activities.Restoring these degraded grass-lands,along with sustaining their structural and functional stability post-restoration,has become a critical global focus.This paper reviewed the status and primary causes of degradation across different grassland types globally.It systematically examined a range of grassland restoration technologies and their impacts on ecosystem structure and function.Additionally,it summarized methods for assessing restoration out-comes in degraded grasslands.Key recommendations for future research include:(1)enhancing the devel-opment of a comprehensive restoration technology system adapted to various grassland types,(2)prioritiz-ing the establishment of an integrated space-air-ground monitoring system to ensure ecological benefits post-restoration,and(3)focusing on the restoration of perennial native species to strengthen both ecologi-cal and productive capacities.Furthermore,fundamental ecological questions related to grassland ecosys-tem restoration should be investigated to provide theoretical basis and technical support for restoring com-munity structure and productive-ecological functions across diverse grassland ecosystems.Ultimately,this approach aims to contribute to global food and ecological security and to inform efforts to accelerate the development of a"Beautiful China".

关 键 词：退化草地 生态系统功能 生态系统服务 草地健康评价 草地恢复 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]