加拿大临时移民工人的治理实践及其面临的挑战  

The Governance Practice and Challenges Faced by Temporary Foreign Workers in Canada

作　　者：黄岩[1,2] 钟华欣[1] HUANG Yan;ZHONG Huaxin(School of Public Administration,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510641;Research Center for Guangdong Social Security,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510641)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学公共管理学院,广东广州510641 [2]华南理工大学广东社会保障研究中心,广东广州510641

出　　处：《中国劳动关系学院学报》2024年第6期85-96,共12页Journal of China University of Labor Relations

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学规划项目“粤港澳大湾区养老保险制度衔接与劳动力市场一体化建设”(项目编号:GD23XGL103)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：临时移民工人在促进国际交流和地区经济增长方面发挥了重要作用,关注这一群体的治理实践尤为必要。加拿大是典型的移民国家,政策立法经历了限制性、包容性、扩张性和分层型阶段,引入的外来工人主要来自发展中国家,其中男性及低技能从业者占多数。加拿大政府在准入阶段进行劳动力市场影响评估并明确雇主责任,招聘环节追求“理想”的工人,工作期间呈现出点对点式移植的特征,工会组织化发挥作用有限,并在居留阶段设置差异以筛选优势移民工人。加拿大强调经济效益的治理手段存在一些局限,面临招聘环节监管不足、劳动保护脆弱和劳动关系强依附等一系列的挑战。展望未来,加拿大应优化劳动权益保护,拓宽永久居留渠道,收缩引入规模,其经验和不足可资我国学习和借鉴。As is known,temporary foreign workers play an important role in promoting international exchange and regional economic growth,making it essential to focus on the governance practice concerning this group.As a typical immigrant country with most foreign workers coming from developing countries,mainly comprising men and low-skilled workers,Canada has undergone restrictive,inclusive,expansive,and stratified stages in policy legislation.The Canadian government conducts labor market impact assessments and clarifies employer responsibilities in the admission phase;and in the recruitment phase,it aims tofind"ideal"workers,showing characteristics of point-to-point transfer during the work period,and sets differences in the residence stages to screen advantageous immigrant workers,while the role of union organizations is limited.Hence,several challenges arise from emphasizing economic efficiency in governance methods,including insufficient recruitment regulation,weak labor protection,and dependent labor relations.Looking ahead,Canada should optimize labor rights protection,broaden the permanent residency pathways,and scale back recruitment practices.The above experiences and shortcomings of Canada,thus,could provide valuable lessons for China.

关 键 词：加拿大 移民工人 跨国流动 权益保护 

分 类 号：F241.4[经济管理—劳动经济]