轨道交通用弹簧失效案例及原因分析  

Failure Cases and Cause Analysis of Spring on Rail Transit

作　　者：何广 刘晓军 潘安霞 张屹 吴王平[1] HE Guang;LIU Xiao-jun;PAN An-xia;ZHANG Yi;WU Wang-ping(School of Mechanical Engineering and Rail Transit,Changzhou University,Jiangsu Changzhou 213164,China;CRRC Nanjing Puzhen Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 210031,China;CRRC Qishuyan Institute Co.,Ltd.,Jiangsu Changzhou 213011,China)

机构地区：[1]常州大学机械与轨道交通学院,江苏常州213164 [2]中车南京浦镇车辆有限公司,南京210031 [3]中车戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所有限公司,江苏常州213011

出　　处：《失效分析与预防》2024年第5期372-378,共7页Failure Analysis and Prevention

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(50945042);江苏省青年自然科学基金(BK20200984)。

摘　　要：总结归纳了近年来的轨道交通用弹簧的失效问题,并对其具体影响情况进行分析讨论,为提高弹簧可靠性和预防再失效提供参考。使用多种材料表征技术,通过对几起轨道交通用弹簧失效件的分析,识别弹簧在原材料、热处理、制造工艺、使用过程中存在的问题,明确导致弹簧失效的具体原因。结果表明:案例1的失效源于热处理工艺控制不当导致的表面脱碳层超标,案例2为磨削不当引发的磨削裂纹,案例3弹簧的失效原因为卷簧工艺不当导致支撑圈内侧厚度偏厚。基于这些失效分析,可总结出弹簧的早期失效主要与原材料、热处理、制造工艺、使用过程等因素有关。This paper summarizes recent failures of springs used in rail transit and analyzes their specific impact,providing a reference for improving spring reliability and preventing future failures.By employing various material characterization techniques and analyzing several failed rail transit springs,the study identifies problems related to raw materials,heat treatment,manufacturing processes,and usage,thereby clarifying the specific causes of these failures.The research results indicate that the failure in Case 1 was due to improper control of the heat treatment process,leading to excessive surface decarburization.Case 2 was caused by grinding cracks resulting from improper grinding;and the failure in Case 3 was attributed to uneven thickness on the inner side of the support ring due to improper spring winding.Based on these failure analyses,the study finds that early spring failures are primarily related to factors such as raw materials,heat treatment,manufacturing processes,and usage.

关 键 词：轨道交通 机车轴箱弹簧 失效分析 原材料 热处理 制造工艺 

分 类 号：TG115[金属学及工艺—物理冶金]