新疆昌吉地区中国荷斯坦牛体型线性评定数据分析  

Analysis of Linear Evaluation Data on the Body Conformation of Chinese Holstein Cattle in the Changji Region of Xinjiang

作　　者：张晓明[1] 张子轩 胥磊 李红燕 王丹 王夕虎[1] 李怀志[1] 马金萍[1] 黄锡霞[2] 肖锐 ZHANG Xiao-ming;ZHANG Zi-xuan;XU Lei;LI Hong-yan;WANG Dan;WANG Xi-hu;LI Huai-zhi;MA Jin-ping;HUANG Xi-xia;XIAO Rui(Xinjiang Hutubi Seedstock Farm,Changji 831299;College of Animal Sciences,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052;Xinjiang Tianshan Animal Husbandry and Biological Breeding Co.,Ltd,Changji 831100)

机构地区：[1]新疆呼图壁种牛场,昌吉831299 [2]新疆农业大学动物科学学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [3]新疆天山畜牧生物育种有限公司,昌吉831100

出　　处：《中国奶牛》2024年第11期23-27,共5页China Dairy Cattle

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2020A01001)。

摘　　要：奶牛体型性状是牧场重要的育种目标性状,本研究选取新疆呼图壁种牛场7个千头以上的规模化奶牛场,参照《中国荷斯坦牛体型鉴定技术规程》,对6 969头中国荷斯坦牛进行了体型线性评定,并针对评定数据进行了描述性统计分析(线性评定结果与理想分值的差距、体型总分不同等级比例的年度变化、复合性状随出生年份的表型变化趋势和缺陷性状占比情况分析)。结果表明,胸宽、腰强度、尻宽、蹄踵深度、后肢后视、中央悬韧带、前乳房附着、后乳房高度和后乳房宽度性状是牧场今后育种工作需要重视的改良性状。今后,应选择以上性状预期传递力较为理想的验证公牛冻精,结合牧场制定的综合选择指数,制定科学的选种选配方案,加快新疆呼图壁种牛场优质高产奶牛的遗传进展。Body conformation traits are important breeding objectives for dairy farms.In this study,seven largescale dairy farms in Hutubi,Xinjiang,with more than a thousand heads of cattle each,were selected.Following the'Technical Regulations for the Identification of Body Conformation of Chinese Holstein Cattle,'a linear evaluation of body conformation was conducted on 6,969 Chinese Holstein cattle.Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on the evaluation data,including the gap between the linear evaluation results and the ideal scores,the annual variation in the proportion of different grades of total body score,the phenotypic trend of compound traits with birth year,and the analysis of the proportion of defective traits.The results indicate that chest width,loin strength,rump width,heel depth,rear leg rear view,central suspensory ligament,fore udder attachment,rear udder height,and rear udder width are traits that need attention for improvement in future breeding work on the farm.It is recommended to select semen from proven bulls with ideal expected transmitting abilities for these traits,combined with the comprehensive selection index formulated by the farm,to develop a scientific selection and mating plan,and accelerate the genetic progress of high-quality and high-yielding dairy cattle in Hutubi,Xinjiang.

关 键 词：中国荷斯坦牛 体型性状 遗传改良 

分 类 号：S823.3[农业科学—畜牧学]