新疆驴驴乳与荷斯坦牛乳营养成分的差异比较研究  

Comparative Study on Nutritional Differences between Xinjiang Donkey Milk and Holstein Milk

作　　者：权晨曦 宋雯雯 陈俐静[1] 陈卓[1] 李鑫 马雪连 苏战强[1] 姚刚[1] QUAN Chen-xi;SONG Wen-wen;CHEN Li-jing;CHEN Zhuo;LI Xin;MA Xue-lian;SU Zhan-qiang;YAO Gang(College of Veterinary,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052;Animal Disease Control in Altay Xinjiang,Altay 836500)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学动物医学学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆阿勒泰地区动物疾控中心,阿勒泰836500

出　　处：《中国奶牛》2024年第11期42-48,共7页China Dairy Cattle

基　　金：自治区重点研发计划(2018B01003-1;2023B02039-3)。

摘　　要：分析比较新疆驴驴乳和荷斯坦牛乳营养成分的差异,为驴乳产品研发利用提供科学依据。使用乳成分分析仪、电感耦合等离子体光度发射光谱法、酶联免疫吸附法和气相色谱仪测定乳的理化特性、营养成分、主要生物活性物质和37种乳脂肪酸的含量,并分析比较差异。结果显示新疆驴驴乳水分、乳酸碱度、附子脂酸、花生四烯酸极显著高于荷斯坦牛乳(P<0.01),乳密度、钙磷比、亚油酸、α-亚麻酸显著高于荷斯坦牛乳(P<0.05)。电导率、乳脂、总干物质、丁酸、己酸、十三碳酸、肉蔻酸、十五碳酸、棕榈酸、珍珠酸、硬脂酸、花生酸、肉蔻油酸、γ-亚麻酸、顺-8,11,14-二十碳三烯酸、长链脂肪酸、极长链脂肪酸、奇数碳脂肪酸极显著低于荷斯坦牛乳(P<0.01),辛酸、癸酸、十一碳酸、月桂酸、油酸、芥酸、短链脂肪酸含量显著低于荷斯坦牛乳(P<0.05)。两组乳所检生物活性物质无显著差异(P>0.05)。新疆驴驴乳具有低乳脂、高钙磷比、高多不饱和脂肪酸的特点,本研究可提高公众对驴乳产品的科学认识以及为新疆驴驴乳产品的开发利用提供科学基础。Analyze and compare the differences in nutritional components of Xinjiang donkey milk and Holstein milk to provide scientific basis for the research and development of donkey milk products.Using milk composition analyzer,inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and gas chromatograph determine the physicochemical properties,nutritional components,main bioactive substances,and 37 types of milk fatty acids,and analyze and compare the differences.Xinjiang donkey milk water,pH,C20:2,C20:4n6 were extremely significantly higher than Holstein milk(P<0.01).Milk density,calcium/phosphorus ratio,C18:2n6c,C18:3n3 were significantly higher than Holstein milk(P<0.05).Conductivity,milk fat,total dry matters,C4:0,C6:0,C13:0,C14:0,C15:0,C16:0,C17:0,C18:0,C20:0,C14:1,C18:3n6,C20:3n6,long chain fatty acids(LCFA),very long chain fatty acids(VLCFA),odd carbon fatty acids(OCFA)were extremely significantly lower than Holstein milk(P<0.01).C8:0,C10:0,C11:0,C12:0,C18:1n9c,C22:1n9,andshort-chain fatty acids(SCFA)were significantly lower than those in Holstein milk(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the bioactive substances detected between the two groups of milk(P>0.05).Xinjiang donkey milk has the characteristics of low milk fat,high calcium/phosphorus ratio,high polyunsaturated fatty acids.This study can enhance the public's scientific understanding of donkey milk products and provide a scientific basis for the development and utilization of Xinjiang donkey milk products.

关 键 词：新疆驴 荷斯坦牛 乳营养成分 差异分析 

分 类 号：TS252.1[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]