有限责任公司夫妻共有股权的问题与对策  

Issues and Countermeasures Regarding the Joint Ownership of Equity in Limited Liability Companies by Spouses

作　　者：张杏圃 卞子妍 ZHANG Xing-pu;BIAN Zi-yan

机构地区：[1]陕西警察学院 [2]江苏省如东县人民法院

出　　处：《河北法律职业教育》2024年第11期79-83,共5页HEBEI VOCATIONAL EDUCATION OF LAW

摘　　要：在有限责任公司中,婚后用夫妻共同财产购买股份,婚姻存续期间一方作为该公司股东(即公示方),配偶一方为非股东(即非公示方)时该股权如何行使处分权,以及婚姻关系结束后,共有股权如何分割现存较大争议。不支持夫妻共有股权分割的裁判观点无法终局性解决问题,这一裁判观点将把这一问题又推向夫妻双方,极有可能导致二次诉讼,浪费司法资源;只分割财产部分的司法裁判也不符合法理,共有财产的分割应及于财产的全部。按照代表人制度,可以将股东资格和股权进行割裂,股权的分割不等同于股东资格的取得,股权分割只是将股权按比例在夫妻之间分配,并不必然导致一方取得股东资格,若欲取得股东资格,还应按照相关规定,尊重其他股东的优先购买权。因此,夫妻共有股权应当支持分割,且分割范围应及于股权的全部。In limited liability companies,when shares are purchased using joint marital property after marriage,disputes arise regarding how to exercise disposition rights over such equity when one spouse is a shareholder of the company(i.e.,the disclosed party)and the other is not(i.e.,the undisclosed party)during the marriage,as well as how to divide the jointly owned equity upon the termination of the marriage.Judicial opinions that do not support the division of jointly owned equity between spouses fail to resolve the issue definitively,pushing the problem back onto the spouses and potentially leading to secondary litigation,thereby wasting judicial resources.Judicial decisions that only divide the property portion are also legally unsound,as the division of jointly owned property should extend to the entirety of the property.According to the representative system,shareholder qualification and equity can be separated.The division of equity does not equate to the acquisition of shareholder qualification.Rather,the division of equity merely allocates equity proportionally between spouses and does not necessarily result in one spouse acquiring shareholder qualification.To acquire shareholder qualification,relevant regulations should be followed,and the preemptive right of other shareholders should be respected.Therefore,the division of jointly owned equity by spouses should be supported,and the scope of division should extend to the entirety of the equity.

关 键 词：有限责任公司 股权共有 股东资格 夫妻共有 代表人制度 

分 类 号：D922.291.91[政治法律—经济法学]