Environmental impact assessments should include rigorous scientific peer review  

作　　者：Robert M.Hughes David M.Chambers Dominick A.DellaSala James R.Karr Susan C.Lubetkin Sarah O'Neal Robert L.Vadas Jr. Carol Ann Woody 

机构地区：[1]Amnis Opes Institute,2895 SE Glenn,Corvallis,OR,97333,USA [2]Department of Fisheries,Wildlife,&Conservation Sciences,Oregon State University,Corvallis,OR,97331,USA [3]Center for Science in Public Participation,224 North Church Avenue,Bozeman,MT 59715,USA [4]Wild Heritage,a Project of Earth Island Institute,2150 Allston Way,Berkeley,CA,94704-1346,USA [5]School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences,University of Washington,Seattle,WA,98105,USA [6]Karr Consulting,102 Galaxy View Court,Sequim,WA,98382,USA [7]Elemental Statistics,309 West Kinnear Place,Seattle,WA,98119,USA [8]2909 Boulevard Rd.SE,Olympia,WA,98501-3971,USA [9]Fisheries Research&Consulting,400 Cormorant Court,Fort Collins,CO,80525,USA

出　　处：《Water Biology and Security》2024年第3期89-100,共12页水生生物与安全（英文）

摘　　要：Twenty USA states or jurisdictions and 125 nations have modeled national environmental policies after the National Environmental Policy Act.That act mandates that federal agencies initiate environmental impact statements(EISs)when substantive environmental or human health consequences are likely because of an agency action related to proposed development projects.The science used to inform the EIS process,however,does not require independent scientific peer review(ISPR)in the USA or most other nations.But ISPR is needed for governments to accurately inform the EIS decision-making and public reporting processes.Instead,science is routinely manipulated during EIS reviews to generate expedient project outcomes with substantially negative ecological,political,and long-term economic consequences.We provide four examples of EISs that lack ISPR,as well as four examples where reviews by independent scientists were helpful to improve agency decisions.We also recommend that independent scientists(no affiliation with the project proponents or agencies overseeing projects)be used to help assess potential environmental and socio-economic impacts,as well as offer appropriate risk assessments,study designs,and monitoring timeframes.We conclude that nations should convene formal reviews using independent scientists as a form of peer review in the EIS process.

关 键 词：Ecological evaluation Environmental assessment Independent scientific peer review National environmental policy act(NEPA) Risk assessment 

分 类 号：X82[环境科学与工程—环境工程]