青海高原黑土滩退化草地土壤微生物群落空间分异特征  

Characteristics of Spatial Differentiation of Soil Microbial Communities in Degraded Grassland on the“Black Soil Beaches”of Qinghai Plateau

作　　者：宋江琴 尹亚丽[1,2] 赵文 刘燕 随奇奇[1] 火久艳 郑文贤 李世雄 SONG Jiangqin;YIN Yali;ZHAO Wen;LIU Yan;SUI Qiqi;HUO Jiuyan;ZHENG Wenxian;LI Shixiong(Qinghai University,Xining 810016,P.R.China;Key Laboratory of Alpine Grassland Ecosystem in the Three-River-Source,Ministry of Education,Xining 810016,P.R.China;Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Adaptive Management on Alpine Grassland,Xining 810016,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学,青海西宁810016 [2]三江源区高寒草地生态教育部重点实验室,青海西宁810016 [3]青海省高寒草地适应性管理重点实验室,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2024年第11期1696-1707,共12页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：青海省科技计划项目(2023-ZJ-925M);国家自然科学基金项目(32260357)。

摘　　要：黑土滩退化草地作为青海高原典型的生态脆弱地带,植被退化、养分流失严重以及空间异质性高,了解不同区域尺度下黑土滩退化草地土壤微生物群落特征差异及影响因子,有助于制定草地恢复措施策略。通过分析青海省海北(YNG)、玉树(BT)和果洛藏族自治州(DW)黑土滩退化草地植被、土壤因子和微生物群落组成及构建过程,研究不同立地条件下环境因子对微生物群落的影响。结果表明:1)较未退化草地,黑土滩土壤中的致病菌如被孢霉门(Mortierellomycota)和浮游霉菌门(Planctomycetes)含量显著增加,共生菌如担子菌门(Basidiomycota)含量显著降低;2)BT区域的真菌物种数和多样性显著高于其他区域,表现为BT>DW>YNG;3)随机性过程主导了DW和BT区域黑土滩土壤细菌和真菌的群落构建,而YNG区域黑土滩土壤细菌和真菌由确定性过程主导;4)全钾和地下生物量主要影响了DW区域黑土滩土壤细菌的群落组成,pH是YNG区域细菌和真菌群落组成的主要影响因子,而BT区域细菌群落主要受硝态氮、含水量和全磷的影响。研究表明影响不同区域黑土滩土壤微生物群落组成和结构的土壤环境因子均有差异,在恢复和调整黑土滩土壤微生物多样性时,需因地制宜,根据相应的环境驱动因子制定恢复策略。Alpine meadows,a significant type of grassland in China,play an indispensable role in ecological function and economic value.Owing to the interference of adverse conditions,such as climate change and overgrazing,alpine meadow ecosystems on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have experienced varying degrees of degradation.“Black soil beaches”represent an extreme form of grassland degradation,characterized by the expansion of bald spots,with vegetation coverage below 30%.The dominant plant species shift from sedge family plants to toxic and harmful miscellaneous grass plants,and the density of rodent burrows is extremely high and distributed across all alpine grasslands in the country.However,there are differences in vegetation types and soil physicochemical properties in black soil beaches across different regions,and closely related microbial communities differ in composition and structure.Microorganisms are the most sensitive biological factors that respond to environmental changes,and have attracted great attention for their community diversity and assembly processes.Fungi and bacteria are important organisms in the soil microbial community and participate in energy flow and nutrient recycling in the environment.These microorganisms are crucial for soil formation,ecosystem function,biogeochemical cycles,and pollutant decomposition.The loss of biodiversity has become a global concern,and numerous studies have shown that a reduction in microbial diversity damages ecosystem services.Changes in the composition and assembly processes of soil microbial communities may affect many ecosystem properties including aboveground plant diversity,nutrient cycling,and nutrient retention.Soil microbial communities differ in composition and assembly processes owing to differences in soil nutrient content.At the same time,the construction and succession of soil microbial communities have always been a research hotspot in microbial ecology.A complete understanding of the impact of grassland degradation on microbial construction process

关 键 词：高寒草甸 黑土滩 退化草地 土壤微生物群落 微生物群落构建过程 土壤理化性质 

分 类 号：S154.36[农业科学—土壤学] X172[农业科学—农业基础科学]