2015—2023年北京市门诊婴幼儿病毒性腹泻病原体检测结果分析  

The pathogen characteristics of viral diarrhea infants and young children in outpatient clinics in Beijing from 2015 to 2023

作　　者：张扬[1] 甄博珺[1] 郑燃燃 张萍[1] 李朝辉[1] 郭晓晨 张靖[1] 高志勇[2] ZHANG Yang;ZHEN Bojun;ZHENG Ranran;ZHANG Ping;LI Zhaohui;GUO Xiaochen;ZHANG Jing;GAO Zhiyong(Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Tongzhou,Beijing,101100,China;不详)

机构地区：[1]北京市通州区疾病预防控制中心,北京101100 [2]北京市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中国微生态学杂志》2024年第10期1202-1206,1211,共6页Chinese Journal of Microecology

基　　金：首都卫生发展科研专项(首发2020-2-1011)。

摘　　要：目的 分析2015—2023年北京市5岁以下儿童病毒性腹泻的流行特征,了解病原谱的动态变化,为防控措施的制定提供参考。方法 收集2015—2023年北京市通州区哨点医院门诊5岁以下腹泻患儿的粪便标本,采用实时荧光定量PCR检测样本中轮状病毒(RV)、人杯状病毒(HuCV)、肠道腺病毒(EadV)和星状病毒(AstV)的核酸,并对结果采用SPSS 19.0软件分析。结果 共收集到2 051份样本,病毒核酸阳性样本为641份,检出率为31.25%。不同月龄组患儿病毒核酸总检出率、单一病毒和多重病毒检出率差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=175.608、157.768、12.124,均P<0.001)。不同月龄组患儿各病毒的检出率差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。不同年度病毒总检出率和单一病毒检出率差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=83.395、59.207,均P<0.001),其中总检出率、单一病毒检出率和轮状病毒的检出率呈总体下降的趋势(趋势χ^(2)=7.965,P=0.005;趋势χ^(2)=4.036,P=0.045;趋势χ^(2)=68.123,P<0.001)。EadV的检出率呈上升趋势(趋势χ^(2)=24.734,P<0.001)。人杯状病毒、星状病毒的检出率呈无规律性的变化趋势(趋势χ^(2)=0.132,P=0.716;趋势χ^(2)=0.160,P=0.690)。不同季节总检出率、单一病毒检出率和多重病毒检出率差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=106.253,P<0.001;χ^(2)=80.736,P<0.001;χ^(2)=21.394,P<0.001)。RV在冬季检出率最高(34.79%,191/549),EadV在秋季检出率最高(5.88%,30/510),AstV在春季检出率最高(6.19%,31/501)。HuCV在不同季节的检出率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.875,P=0.076)。结论 北京市通州区2015—2023年5岁以下儿童病毒性腹泻由多种病毒引起,12~24月龄为感染高发月龄段,应当采取多样化的防控措施,减少腹泻的发生。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of viral diarrhea in children under 5 years old in Beijing from 2015 to 2023,understand the dynamic change of the pathogenic spectrum,and provide reference for the prevention and control of viral diarrhea.Methods Fecal samples were collected from children <5 years old in outpatient departments of diarrhea monitoring hospitals in Tongzhou,Beijing from 2015 to 2023,and detected for the nucleic acids of rotavirus(RV),Human Calicivirus(HuCV),enteric adenovirus(EadV) and astrovirus(AstV) by using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR;statistical software SPSS 19.0 was used to analyze the results.Results A total of 2,051 stool samples were collected,among which 641 were positive for the viruses.The overall infection rate was 31.25%.There were statistical differences in the total,single and multiple viruses detection rates among various ages(χ~2=175.608,P<0.001;χ~2=157.768,P<0.001;χ~2=12.124,P<0.001).The differences in positive rate of each virus among different age groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).There were significant differences in the total and single virus detection rates in different years(χ~2=83.395,P<0.001;χ~2=59.207,P<0.001).The detection rates of total,single virus and RV showed a downward trend(trend χ~2=7.965,P=0.005;trend χ~2=4.036,P=0.045;trend χ~2=68.123,P<0.001).The detection rate of EadV showed an upward trend annually(trend χ~2=24.734,P<0.001).The annual trend of detection rates for HuCV and AstV were irregular(trend χ~2=0.132,P=0.716;trend χ~2=0.160,P=0.690).The total,single and multiple detection rates of viruses showed significant differences in different seasons(χ~2=106.253,P<0.001;χ~2=80.736,P<0.001;χ~2=21.394,P<0.001).RV had the highest detection rate in winter(34.79%,191/549),EadV had the highest detection rate in autumn(5.88%,30/510),and AstV had the highest detection rate in spring(6.19%,31/501).There were no significant differences in the detection rates of HuCV among different seasons(χ~2=6.875,P=0.076),b

关 键 词：病毒性腹泻 婴幼儿 病原谱 

分 类 号：R446[医药卫生—诊断学]