汉语语法也需要主语概念吗?  

Does Chinese grammar also need the concept of Subject?

作　　者：彭宣维 Peng Xuanwei

机构地区：[1]深圳大学外国语学院

出　　处：《外语教学》2024年第6期1-7,共7页Foreign Language Education

基　　金：2023年度深圳市哲学社会科学规划共建课题重点项目“深圳探索构建中国特色哲学社会科学学科体系、学术体系、话语体系研究”(项目编号:SZ2023A002)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：此前,一些学者先后几乎否认了汉语语法也有词类、及物性、语态、主谓结构等语法核心范畴,目的是要根据“汉语事实”构建属于汉语的语法体系,这样人们要么把句首位置上的任何一个成分都当作主语,因为总得给有关现象一个说法;要么提议完全放弃主语概念,因为无法贯彻及物性施事做主语的一致性原则。我们主张汉语语法也需要主语概念。为此本文回答四个关键问题:1)为什么旧事重提?2)定义和识别汉语主语困难的问题出在哪里?3)主语问题是不是汉语语法独有的?4)怎么办?行文将在量子语言观背景下,指出重构汉语主谓结构和主语概念的总体原则、研究问题和非位次主语概念的基本内涵。So far some have almost denied such kernel grammatical categories as word class,transitivity,voice or subject construction in Mandarin grammar:They aimed to re-construe a unique grammatical system of Chinese on the basis of “Chinese facts”.It turned out that some would treat any element at the initial position of the sentence as subject,for the necessity of a name for the due phenomenon;others propose canceling the concept because the principle of treating all agents of transitivity as subject is not able to implement throughout.The present study advocates that Chinese grammar also needs the concept of subject.For this purpose,the paper aims to answer four key questions:1) why this issue again? 2)where do the problems lie? 3) are the problems unique in Chinese grammar? and 4) is there a way out? The paper proposes general principles under the quantum view of language,research questions and solutions for the non-linear concept of subject.

关 键 词：汉语句子主语 问题 文献概述 非位次主语观 量子语言观 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]