极地中深及深冰芯钻探项目进展及对我国的启示  

Progress of intermediate‑depth and deep ice‑core drilling projects in polar regions and its enlightenment for China

作　　者：李亚洲 孙友宏 张楠[3] 范晓鹏[3] 李冰[1,2] 宫达 LI Yazhou;SUN Youhong;ZHANG Nan;FAN Xiaopeng;LI Bing;GONG Da(School of Engineering and Technology,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;Key Laboratory of Polar Geology and Marine Mineral Resources(China University of Geosciences,Beijing),Ministry of Education,Beijing 100083,China;Institute of Polar Science and Engineering,Jilin University,Changchun Jilin 130026,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)工程技术学院,北京100083 [2]极地地质与海洋矿产教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [3]吉林大学极地科学与工程研究院,吉林长春130026

出　　处：《钻探工程》2024年第6期1-13,共13页Drilling Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“南极冰下复杂地质环境多工艺钻探理论与方法”课题四“多工艺极地钻探装备研发与系统集成”(编号:2021YFA0719104);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目“可回收式热融钻具孔壁冻融过程的传热规律研究”(编号:42206255)。

摘　　要：在极地开展中深及深冰芯钻探项目,对获取古气候信息、揭示冰盖运动规律以及预测未来全球环境变化等方面均具有重要意义。从20世纪60年代开始,世界各国已经在极地完成了26个中深冰芯钻探项目和14个深冰芯钻探项目。目前,仍有Dome A、Beyond EPICA、MYIC、Dome Fuji和Hercules Dome等5个深冰芯钻探项目正在实施中,且俄罗斯正在筹划Dome B的深冰芯钻探项目。目前,我国仅实施过1个中深冰芯钻探项目,而深冰芯钻探项目的深度刚突破800 m。与欧洲、美国、日本和俄罗斯相比,我国在中深和深冰芯钻探技术领域施工经验少,装备自主化程度低,技术水平落后。为此,我国应积极研发具有自主知识产权的深冰芯电动机械钻具,加快实施Dome A深冰芯钻探工程,开展中深冰芯钻探及古老蓝冰钻探项目,突破冰层快速钻探和定向取芯钻探等关键技术,从而促进我国极地冰芯钻探技术的发展,提高在极地冰芯科学领域的影响力。It is of great significance to carry out intermediate⁃depth and deep ice⁃core drilling projects in polar regions for obtaining paleoclimate information and predicting future ice sheet evolution.Since the 1960s,countries around the world have completed 26 intermediate⁃depth ice⁃core drilling projects and 14 deep ice⁃core drilling projects in polar regions.At present,there are still five deep ice core drilling projects in progress,which are Dome A,Beyond EPICA,MYIC,Dome Fuji and Hercules Dome.Russia is also planning a deep ice core drilling project at Dome B.At present,China has only implemented one intermediate⁃depth ice⁃core drilling project,and the depth of the deep ice⁃core drilling project has just broken through 800m.Compared with Europe,the United States,Japan,Russia,China has less drilling experience,low degree of equipment independence,and relatively backward technical level in the field of intermediate⁃depth and deep ice⁃core drilling technology.Therefore,China should actively develop deep ice⁃core electromechanical drill with independent intellectual property rights,accelerate the implementation of Dome A deep ice⁃core drilling project,carry out intermediate⁃depth ice⁃core drilling and ancient blue ice drilling projects,break through key technologies such as rapid ice drilling and directional ice⁃core drilling technology,so as to promote the development of China’s polar ice⁃core drilling technology and improve its influence in the field of polar ice core science.

关 键 词：极地 冰盖 中深冰芯 深冰芯 钻探项目 钻具 

分 类 号：P634[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]