退役锂离子电池正极的湿法冶金回收工艺:可持续技术的进展与应用  

Hydrometallurgical Processes on Recycling of Spent Lithium-lon Battery Cathode:Advances and Applications in Sustainable Technologies

作　　者：张思宇 谷昆泓 鲁兵安 韩俊伟[1] 周江[2] Siyu Zhang;Kunhong Gu;Bing'an Lu;Junwei Han;Jiang Zhou(School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;School of Materials Science and Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;School of Physics and Electronics,Hunan University,Changsha 410082,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学资源加工与生物工程学院,长沙410083 [2]中南大学材料科学与工程学院,长沙410083 [3]湖南大学物理与微电子科学学院,长沙410082

出　　处：《物理化学学报》2024年第10期3-19,共17页Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52174269,52374293);湖南省自然科学基金(2021JJ10064,2021JJ20062)资助项目。

摘　　要：电子信息和新能源汽车等产业的迅速发展导致锂离子电池(LIBs)的需求量激增,随之引发了其报废潮。可持续的回收技术对于以环保的方式解决大量退役锂离子电池(EOLLIBs)至关重要。本文全面综述了基于湿法冶金的LIBs正极废料中有价金属的提取技术,从环境、技术和工业化可行性的角度出发,对无机酸、有机酸和低共熔溶剂(DESs)等方法进行了详细的讨论和分析,以期优化技术并降低对环境的影响。此外,本文也详细探讨了绿色的生物质废料等还原剂和高效环保的EOL LIBs内循环机械活化技术等在强化LIBs正极废料有价金属溶浸中的应用,并由此提出了EOL LIBs回收过程中可能存在的研究机会和挑战。Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)have garnered global attention as a prominent solution for storing intermittent renewable energy,addressing energy scarcity,and mitigating environmental pollution.In the previous century,Sony introduced the“lithium-ion battery”concept,heralding a new era for LIBs and effectively bringing them into commercial use.The initial commercially available LIBs utilized lithium cobalt oxide as the cathode material and graphite as the anode material.Capitalizing on their attributes encompassing elevated energy density,substantial specific capacity,portability,and ecological compatibility,LIBs have secured substantial market share throughout the commercialization trajectory.Their commercial viability and scope have been markedly enhanced through the continuous advancement of LIBs’cathode materials and innovative implementations encompassing battery design,assembly,and thermal management.In recent years,the rapid expansion of sectors such as cellular phones and new energy vehicles,coupled with the drive towards“carbon peaking”and“carbon neutrality,”has propelled the robust growth of the LIBs sector,which has resulted in widespread adoption across diverse industrial domains and daily applications spanning road transportation,materials,chemicals,and information technology.However,the swift proliferation of the LIBs industry has incited an influx of end-of-life(EOL)batteries,which pose risks of flammability,explosiveness,and the presence of toxic and hazardous elements,including fluorides.These aspects collectively pose a formidable environmental and human health hazard,warranting urgent and harmless disposal measures.Simultaneously,EOL LIBs are rich reservoirs of resources like lithium,nickel,cobalt,and manganese,boasting metal contents in cathode waste that significantly exceed those found in their natural mineral counterparts,presenting a substantial opportunity for resource reclamation.Therefore,extracting valuable metals from LIBs cathode waste simultaneously addresses c

关 键 词：锂离子电池 浸出 湿法冶金 生物质废料 机械化学 

分 类 号：O645[理学—物理化学]