绩点为王还是能力至上:课外活动参与对大学生发展的影响  

Achievement or Ability:the Influence of Extracurricular Activity Participation on the Development of College Students

作　　者：黄依梵 王慧娟 郭建鹏[1] HUANG Yifan;WANG Huijuan;GUO Jianpeng(Center for Higher Education Development Research/Institute of Education,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学高等教育发展研究中心教育研究院,厦门361005

出　　处：《教育发展研究》2024年第21期75-84,共10页Research in Educational Development

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“经济高质量发展下教育资源配置研究”(22JJD880004)的部分成果。

摘　　要：基于全国1128所本科高等学校学情调查数据的分析发现:大学生的课外活动参与呈现出多元特征,绝大多数大学生参与了四项及以上的课外活动;课外活动参与对大学生发展的影响具有双重效应,课外活动参与的时长投入度、内容专一度、类型丰富度不仅有助于提高其学业成绩,还有利于提升其创新能力;课外活动参与对大学生发展的影响呈现分化趋势,课外活动参与的“量”(时长投入度和内容专一度)对其学业成绩的影响更大,而大学生课外活动参与的“质”(类型丰富度)对其创新能力的影响更大。此外,大学生课外活动参与的影响存在异质效应,课外活动参与的“质”使得拔尖学生更高分,但能够促使非拔尖学生更创新。大学生应充分把握课外活动参与的数量和结构,合理规划课外活动参与的时长投入度,着重提高课外活动参与的内容专一度和类型丰富度。Based on the analysis of the survey data with a total sample size of 1128 national undergraduate colleges and universities,it is found that the vast majority of college students participate in four or more extracurricular activities;the influence of college students'participation in extracurricular activities has dual effects.The length,intensity and breadth of extracurricular activities participation not only help to improve students'academic performance,but also help to improve their innovation ability.Specifically,the influence of college students'participation in extracurricular activities shows a differentiation effect.The“quantity”(length and intensity)of college students'participation in extracurricular activities has a greater impact on their academic performance than on their innovation ability,while the“quality”(breadth)of college students'participation in extracurricular activities has a greater impact on their innovation ability than on their academic performance.Furthermore,the influence of college students'participation in extracurricular activities has a heterogeneous effect.The“quality”of participation in extracurricular activities makes top-notch students score higher,but it can promote non-top-notch students to be more innovative.College students should fully cope with the volume and structure of participation in extracurricular activities,reasonably scheme the length of participation in extracurricular activities,and give more attention to improving the intensity and breadth of participation in extracurricular activities.

关 键 词：课外活动参与 时长投入度 内容专一度 类型丰富度 大学生发展 

分 类 号：G642.0[文化科学—高等教育学]