“双碳”目标下煤电机组节能改造技术发展与实践  

Development and practice of energy-saving retrofit technologies for coal power units under carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals

作　　者：程文煜 张健[2] 熊卓[2] 赵永椿[2] 张军营[2] 陈国庆 CHENG Wenyu;ZHANG Jian;XIONG Zhuo;ZHAO Yongchun;ZHANG Junying;CHEN Guoqing(State Key Laboratory of Low-carbon Smart Coal-fired Power Generation and Ultra-clean Emission,China Energy Science and Technology Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Nanjing 210023,Jiangsu China;State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion and Low Carbon Utilization,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430074,Hubei China)

机构地区：[1]低碳智能燃煤发电与超净排放全国重点实验室(国家能源集团科学技术研究院有限公司),江苏南京210023 [2]煤燃烧与低碳利用全国重点实验室(华中科技大学),湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《电力科技与环保》2024年第5期455-464,共10页Electric Power Technology and Environmental Protection

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFB4102905);低碳智能燃煤发电与超净排放全国重点实验室开放课题项目(D2023FK097)。

摘　　要：在碳达峰碳中和背景下,煤电行业节能减碳是亟需解决的问题。通过改造案例对煤电机组各种节能改造技术进行了总结分析,重点分析了锅炉和汽轮机优化改造技术对电厂总体节能升级改造的影响。现有的煤电节能改造技术包括机组升温改造和设备升级改造等,关键在于对汽轮机、锅炉及其辅助系统的合理优化。实践证明:提升参数改造技术具有一定节能效果,跨代升级改造可节约发电标煤耗3.5~8.5 g/(kW·h),必要时需配合汽轮机和锅炉受热面改造;汽轮机提效改造技术节能效果较好,通流改造节约发电标煤耗一般为6.0~10.0 g/(kW·h),具有较强的可行性;锅炉受热面改造、管道改造的费用要高于通流改造的投资,节约发电标煤耗约3.5~4.5 g/(kW·h);锅炉采用先进余热回收技术可节约发电标煤耗约0.4 g/(kW·h);而先进制粉系统的应用也可大幅提高煤粉分离器效率,使锅炉效率提升0.2%~1.0%。煤电行业未来需注重节能技术与低碳等其他技术之间的耦合应用以及节能降碳评价体系的建设,针对机组特点形成可优化、可评价的节能降碳技术集成方案,支撑煤电行业绿色低碳转型。Under the background of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality,energy saving and carbon reduction in the coal power industry is an urgent problem to be solved.This paper summarises and analyses various energy-saving retrofit technologies for coal power units through retrofit cases,focusing on the impact of boiler and turbine optimisation on the overall energy-saving upgrading of power plants.Existing coal power energy-saving retrofit technologies include unit parameter upgrading retrofit technologies and equipment upgrading retrofit technologies.The key lies in the reasonable optimisation of turbines,boilers and their auxiliary systems.The parameter upgrading retrofit technology has a certain energy-saving effect,and the cross-generation retrofit can save power generation standard coal consumption of 3.5-8.5 g/(kW·h).The energy-saving effect of turbine efficiency retrofit technology is better,and the saving of standard coal consumption for power generation by through-flow retrofit is generally 6.0-10.0 g/(kW·h),which is highly feasible.The cost of boiler heating surface retrofit and piping retrofit is higher than that of through-flow retrofit,and the energy saving is about 3.5-4.5 g/(kW·h).Boiler using advanced waste heat recovery technology about 0.4 g/(kW·h)energy savings;the application of advanced pulverising system can significantly improve the efficiency of the pulverised coal separator so that the boiler efficiency by 0.2%-1%.In the future,the coal power industry needs to focus on the coupling application between energy-saving technologies and other technologies such as low-carbon and the construction of energy-saving and carbon reduction evaluation system.The formation of optimizable and evaluable energy-saving and low-carbon technology integration solutions for the characteristics of the units will support the green and low-carbon transformation of the coal power industry.

关 键 词：煤电机组 节能改造 提参数 锅炉 汽轮机 

分 类 号：TK018[动力工程及工程热物理] TM621[电气工程—电力系统及自动化]