低共熔溶剂对光伏板上Ag的浸出实验研究  

Research on leaching of silver from photovoltaic panels by DES solution with ferric chloride hexahydrate as ligand

作　　者：尹倩[1] 赵传海 杨旭光 陈以文 赵延龙 黄智航 郭飞宏 YIN Qian;ZHAO Chuanhai;YANG Xuguang;CHEN Yiwen;ZHAO Yanlong;HUANG Zhihang;GUO Feihong(China Petroleum and Natural Gas Pipeline Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Langfang 065000,Hebei China;Petrochina International Pipeline Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 102200,China;School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,Jiangsu China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油天然气管道工程有限公司,河北廊坊065000 [2]中油国际管道有限公司,北京102200 [3]南京师范大学能源与机械工程学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《电力科技与环保》2024年第5期524-532,共9页Electric Power Technology and Environmental Protection

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20200736);江苏省高校自然科学基金项目(20KJB610007);江苏省高校自然科学基金重大项目(22KJA480001);上海市固体废物处理与资源化工程研究中心开放基金资助项目(2021GFZX005)。

摘　　要：使用低共熔溶剂可高效、无毒溶解光伏板硅晶片上的Ag,使其更容易回收。本次实验使用不同摩尔比的FeCl_(3)·6H_(2)O和尿素来配置低共熔溶剂,并使用差示扫描量热仪对所配溶剂的玻璃化转变进行表征,证明该溶剂具有低共熔性,并进一步采用傅里叶红外光谱表征了低共熔溶剂上的氢键,分析了低共熔溶剂形成的机理。使用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪对反应前后的硅晶片Ag的含量进行测试,以此得到反应的浸出率。实验发现以80℃、60 min、转速350 r/min和固液比1∶45(g∶ml)为反应条件,使用摩尔比为1∶3(FeCl_(3)·6H_(2)O:尿素)的低共熔溶剂与硅晶片进行反应,测得浸出率为99.31%,反应效果良好。保持其他条件不变,对反应时间、反应温度、反应固液比分别进行单因素实验,研究这3种因素对Ag浸出率的影响。研究结果表明:最佳反应温度为60℃,最佳反应时间为40 min,最佳反应固液比为1∶10(g∶ml),配置的低共熔溶剂在设定的不同反应参数下均对光伏板硅晶片上的Ag有很好的反应效果,各反应条件对浸出率影响效果为反应温度>反应时间>反应固液比;为废弃光伏板上Ag的回收利用提供参考。By using a low eutectic solvent(DES)to efficiently dissolve the silver on the silicon wafers of photovoltaic panels,it makes it easier to recycle.The glass transition of DES solution was characterized by differential scanning calorimeter(DSC),and the hydrogen bond on DES solvent was characterized by fourier infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),and the formation mechanism of DES solution was analyzed.The silver content of silicon wafers before and after the reaction was measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer(ICP)to obtain the leaching rate of the reaction.Under the reaction conditions of 80℃,60 min,350 r/min and solid-liquid ratio 1∶45(g∶ml),DES solution with molar ratio 1∶3(ferric chloride hexahydrate:urea)was used to react with silicon wafers.The leaching rate was 99.31%,and the reaction effect was good.With other conditions unchanged,single-factor experiments were conducted to study the effects of reaction time,reaction temperature and reaction solid-liquid ratio on silver leaching rate.The optimal reaction temperature was 60℃,the optimal reaction time was 40 min,and the optimal reaction solid-liquid ratio was 1∶10(g∶ml),the configured DES solvent has a good reaction effect on silver on silicon wafers of photovoltaic panels under different reaction parameters set.Among them,the effect of reaction conditions on the leaching rate is reaction temperature>reaction time>reaction solid-liquid ratio.

关 键 词：光伏板 低共熔溶剂 浸出率 差示扫描量热仪 电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪 

分 类 号：TK437[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程] TQ426.4[化学工程]