中国流域人类活动空间协同与高水平治理的理论思考与实践发展  

Theoretical thinking and practical development on coordination and high-quality governance of human activity space in river basins in China

作　　者：罗静 夏军[3] 郝芳华[2] 汪芳 赵雪雁[5] 王成[6] 陈诚[7] 柯新利[8] 许继军 路旭[10] LUO Jing;XIA Jun;HAO Fang-hua;WANG Fang;ZHAO Xue-yan;WANG Cheng;CHEN Cheng;KE Xin-li;XU Ji-jun;LU Xu(Hubei Institute of Economic and Social Development,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China;Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis&Simulation Hubei Province,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China;State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;River Basin Habitats Research Center,College of Architecture and Landscape Architecture,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;College of Geography and Environmental Science,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China;School of Geographic Sciences,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences,Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,CAS,Nanjing 210008,China;College of Public Administration,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China;School of Architecture and Urban Planning,Shenyang Jianzhu University,Shenyang 110168,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学湖北经济与社会发展研究院,武汉430079 [2]华中师范大学地理过程分析与模拟湖北省重点实验室,武汉430079 [3]武汉大学水资源工程与调度全国重点实验室,武汉430072 [4]北京大学建筑与景观设计学院/流域人居系统研究中心,北京100871 [5]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,兰州730070 [6]西南大学地理科学学院,重庆400715 [7]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所/中国科学院流域地理学重点实验室,南京210008 [8]华中农业大学公共管理学院,武汉430070 [9]长江科学院,武汉430010 [10]沈阳建筑大学建筑与规划学院,沈阳110168

出　　处：《自然资源学报》2024年第11期2505-2524,共20页Journal of Natural Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42271228,41871176)。

摘　　要：流域是水安全、水环境安全、粮食安全、生态安全与经济社会发展于一体的复杂地理空间系统。为推进以流域人类活动空间协同与高水平治理为路径构建新发展格局,特邀请流域协调与高质量发展研究领域的10位专家开展访谈。访谈主要从全域整治与区域调控、演变规律与协调模式、实践机制与治理范式等三大视角,围绕流域自然资源利用与环境保护、流域人地关系协调发展与空间治理路径、流域产业绿色转型与生态服务等三条主线展开。主要结论有:(1)全域尺度流域资源配置与污染整治的系统性工程建设。全流域视角下水资源的高效利用与配置体系需以“节流”为重点,以“开源”为支撑,从工程和非工程方面进一步优化提升流域水资源配置体系,深度融入创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的新发展理念。流域面源污染系统治理修复工程应围绕提升源头监测和负荷估算能力、加强治理修复系统性设计、健全协同管理机制三方面工作进行。(2)流域人地关系的演化规律、人类活动空间的高水平治理与人地系统的协调发展。流域系统人地关系演化经历了城乡系统对环境变化、文化响应的长时序、多尺度的地方适应,呈现出典型的动态适应性、多尺度空间关联性和历史依赖性的特征。流域人类活动空间治理需要从资源要素开发、生态环境保护、多尺度多维度联动以及全局性与差异性等方面予以重视,共促流域人类活动空间治理从碎片分割走向整合协同。推动流域人地系统协调发展应从系统思维出发探究内部要素相互作用机制和影响因素,促使系统形成合理化的要素组合、高效化的组织结构和多功能的协调耦合状态,实现经济繁荣、社会公平和环境保护的统一。(3)流域农业生产的绿色集约化转型与生态系统的治理模式。流域生态系统治理建立在系统�River basins are a complex geospatial system integrating water security,water environment security,food security,ecological security,and economic and social development.In order to promote the construction of a new development pattern based on the path of coordination and high-quality governance of human activity space in river basins,we hereby invite ten experts in the research field of the river basins coordination and high-quality development to conduct interviews.The interview mainly focuses on three perspectives:global regulation and regional regulation,evolvement rule and coordination mode,practice mechanism and governance paradigm.It revolves three main lines:utilization of natural resources and environmental protection in river basins,coordinated development of human-earth relationship and spatial governance path in river basins,and green transformation of the industry and ecological services.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Systematic engineering construction of resource allocation and pollution remediation in the whole scale river basins.From the perspective of the whole river basins,the efficient utilization and allocation system of water resources should focus on"reducing expenditure"and be supported by"open source".This should further optimize and enhance the river basin water resources allocation system from both engineering and nonengineering perspectives,integrating deeply into the development concept of innovation,coordination,green practices,openness,and sharing.The treatment and restoration project of river basin non-point source pollution system should focus on three aspects:improving the capacity of source monitoring and load estimation,strengthening the systematic design of treatment and restoration,and improving the collaborative management mechanism.(2)The evolution of human-earth relationship in river basins,the high-quality management of human activity space and the coordinated development of human-earth system.The evolution of river basin human-earth relationship has experienced t

关 键 词：流域 资源利用 人地系统 空间协同 生态治理 

分 类 号：F124.5[经济管理—世界经济] X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]