热带珊瑚岛生物滞留设施构建方法及适宜性评价  

Construction Method and Suitability Evaluation of Bioretention Facilities on Tropic Coral Islands

作　　者：赵志伟 李恒[1] 李莉[1] 沈力[1] 李谕 胡小凤[3] 李芸邑 ZHAO Zhi-wei;LI Heng;LI Li;SHEN Li;LI Yu;HU Xiao-feng;LI Yun-yi(College of Environment and Ecology,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400045,China;School of Civil and Transportation Engineering,Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China;China Academy of Urban Planning&Design,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学环境与生态学院,重庆400045 [2]广东工业大学土木与交通工程学院,广东广州510006 [3]中国城市规划设计研究院,北京100044

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2024年第21期129-136,共8页China Water & Wastewater

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(“海洋环境安全保障与岛礁可持续发展”重点专项2021-01)。

摘　　要：生物滞留设施具有调控雨水径流量、改善径流水质、保障植物生长等优点,在淡水资源匮乏的热带珊瑚岛上具有良好的应用前景。为此,以珊瑚砂为基质,利用红土、草炭、椰糠、蛭石、生物炭作为混合填料,构建了7组不同结构的生物滞留设施,设计汇流面积比为1∶10,当降雨强度为80 mm/h时,平均径流总量削减率为52.9%,当降雨强度为10~40 mm/h时,径流总量削减率达到100%,表明构建的生物滞留设施具有良好的径流削减能力。为了考察设施对雨水的滞留能力,研究了种植土层的含水率变化,结果显示,当种植土层为珊瑚砂掺混红土时,能够显著减缓种植土层含水率的下降速率(0.0009~0.0080 h^(-1)),且随着深度的增加,含水率下降速率逐渐降低。将经济成本纳入评估体系,利用层次分析法进行比选,结果表明,种植土层为珊瑚砂掺混红土、填料层为珊瑚砂掺混蛭石的生物滞留设施综合得分最高,适宜在热带珊瑚岛应用。Bioretention facilities possess the merits of regulating rainwater runoff,enhancing runoff quality and guaranteeing plant growth,and exhibit a favorable application prospect on tropic coral islands where freshwater resources are scarce.In this paper,seven groups of bioretention facilities with diverse structures were constructed by utilizing coral sand as the matrix and laterite,peat,coconut bran,vermiculite,and biochar as the mixed packing media.The designed catchment area ratio was 1∶10.When the rainfall intensity was 80 mm/h,the average total runoff reduction rate was 52.9%,and when the rainfall intensity was 10-40 mm/h,the total runoff reduction rate reached 100%,suggesting that the constructed bioretention facility possessed a superior runoff reduction capacity.To investigate theretention capacity of rainwater,the variation of moisture content in the planting soil layer was examined.When the planting soil layer consisted of coral sand mixed with laterite,the decrease rate of moisturecontent in the planting soil layer could be significantly slowed down(0.0009-0.0080 h^(-1)),and thedecrease rate of moisture content gradually reduced with the increase of depth.The economic cost andother parameters were evaluated using the analytic hierarchy process(AHP).The bioretention facilitiesfeaturing the planting soil composed of coral sand mixed with laterite and the filling layer consisting ofcoral sand mixed with vermiculite obtained the highest comprehensive score,being suitable forapplication on tropic coral islands.

关 键 词：生物滞留设施 珊瑚砂 填料改良 层次分析法 

分 类 号：TU992[建筑科学—市政工程]