以新质生产力引领工业智能化浪潮:新熊彼特长波理论的审视  

Leading the Wave of Industrial Intelligence with New Productive Forces:A Review of the Neo-Schumpeterian Long Wave Theory

作　　者：张海丰[1] 沈天洋 Zhang Haifeng;Shen Tianyang

机构地区：[1]广西师范大学经济管理学院,广西桂林541004 [2]北京师范大学经济与工商管理学院,北京100875

出　　处：《社会科学战线》2024年第11期88-97,281,共11页Social Science Front

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(22BJL006)。

摘　　要：工业是科技创新的主战场,是发展新质生产力的重要着力点,新质生产力也是推进工业智能化转型的核心动力。按照新熊彼特学派的长波理论,英国、德国和美国等发达资本主义国家能够引领历次技术革命浪潮的原因在于,这些国家通过通用目的技术的创新,降低了核心投入的成本,从而促进通用目的技术的扩散。通用目的技术与能源、基础设施以及生产组织方式的协同创新共同促进主导部门的快速成长,加速以新的技术—经济范式替代旧范式。根据新熊彼特长波理论,目前全球正处于第六次康德拉季耶夫长波的导入期,通过审视中国引领工业智能化的现实基础和存在的瓶颈发现:中国以人工智能等为代表的数智技术集群发展态势良好、新型基础设施加速建设、具有广阔的工业应用场景需求,但依然存在核心技术不足、消费端数据优势无法辐射到制造端、大规模生产组织方式不适应个性化需求、能源转型刚跨过初级阶段等问题。文章针对性提出发挥核心技术创新的新型举国体制和企业创新的协同效应,合理规划数据产权制度、革新生产组织方式,多措并举地推动能源创新和转型,从而助力中国引领工业智能化浪潮。Industry is the primary battlefield for scientific and technological innovation and a key focus for the devel⁃opment of new productive forces.These new productive forces are the core driving force behind the intelligent transformation of industry.According to the Neo-Schumpeterian long-wave theory,developed capitalist coun⁃tries such as the United Kingdom,Germany,and the United States have led successive waves of technological revolutions by significantly reducing the cost of core inputs through technological innovation.This has facilita⁃ted the diffusion of general-purpose technologies,whose synergistic innovation with energy,infrastructure,and production organization methods has driven rapid growth in dominant sectors,accelerating the shift from old to new techno-economic paradigms.Based on the Neo-Schumpeterian long-wave theory,we are currently in the introduction phase of the sixth Kondratiev wave.By examining the foundational strengths and challenges of China's leadership in industrial intelligence,we find that while China's technology clusters,represented by artificial intelligence,are developing well and the construction of new infrastructure is accelerating,key bottle⁃necks remain.These include insufficient core technologies,the inability of consumer-side data advantages to transfer to the manufacturing side,the mismatch between large-scale production methods and personalized de⁃mands,and the early-stage nature of renewable energy development.In response,the paper proposes four strategic directions:leveraging the new national system for core technology innovation and fostering synergies with enterprise-level innovation,rationally planning the data property rights system,reforming production or⁃ganization methods,and promoting energy innovation through multiple initiatives.These measures aim to sup⁃port China's leadership in the wave of industrial intelligence.

关 键 词：新熊彼特长波 通用目的技术 新质生产力 工业智能化 技术—经济范式 

分 类 号：F062.2[经济管理—政治经济学]