应对青少年早期专项化训练的理论框架和策略选择  

Theoretical Framework and Strategy Selection for Youth Early Sport Specialization Training

作　　者：柳鸣毅[1,2,3] 孔年欣 尹子康 郭成根 万芩颖 LIU Mingyi;KONG Nianxin;YIN Zikang;GUO Chengen;WAN Qinying(China Youth Sports and the Integration of Sports and Education Public Policy Research Center,Wuhan Sports University,Wuhan 430079,China;School of Sports Training,Wuhan Sports University,Wuhan 430079,China;Research Center of Special Competitive Sport High Quality Development,Wuhan Sports University,Wuhan 430079,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉体育学院中国青少年体育与体教融合公共政策研究中心,湖北武汉430079 [2]武汉体育学院运动训练学院,湖北武汉430079 [3]武汉体育学院特色竞技体育高质量发展研究中心,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《天津体育学院学报》2024年第6期663-673,729,共12页Journal of Tianjin University of Sport

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目(项目编号:24ATY010)。

摘　　要：为应对青少年早期专项化训练,国际体育管理及学术组织发布了一系列行业指南或立场声明,旨在营造健康的青少年成长环境及提升人才培养质量。但应对青少年早期专项化训练的理论研究相对滞后,难以准确阐释早期专项化训练对青少年产生负面影响的理论机理。对国际相关文献进行系统梳理,提炼应对青少年早期专项化训练的科学问题,以此为逻辑起点形成“概念内涵—遵循原则—理论支撑—研究前瞻”的学理链,构建应对青少年早期专项化训练的理论框架。从运动训练学、运动生理学等视角,相继对青少年早期专项化训练的概念内涵与遵循原则,以及运动训练过程控制、运动训练周期及竞技能力等运动训练学及相关学科理论进行阐释。同时,从青少年早期专项化训练的研究视角、对象、途径和价值等方面讨论应对青少年早期专项化训练的未来研究路向。基于此,从青少年运动训练组织体系、理论研究、团队建设和评价机制等方面提出兼具学理性和可操作性的应对策略。For youth early sport specialization training,international sports management and academic organizations have issued a series of guidelines or position statements aimed at creating a healthy environment for the growth of young and improving the quality of talent cultivation.However,the relevant theoretical research on youth early sport specialization training lags behind,making it difficult to accurately explain the theoretical mechanism behind the negative impact of youth early sport specialization.This article extracts the scientific issues related to early specialized training for youth by a systematic review of international related literature.Based on this logical starting point,a theoretical chain of“conceptual connotation-following principles-theoretical support-research foresight”is formed,and a theoretical framework for early specialized training for young people is constructed.From the perspectives of sports training and sports physiology,this article successively explains the concept and principles of youth early sport specialization,as well as the theory of sports training and related disciplines such as process control,training cycle,and competitive ability.At the same time,from the perspective,objects,approaches,and values of youth early sport specialization,the research prospects for addressing on youth early sport specialization were discussed.Thus,a strategy that combines academic rationality and operability is proposed to address youth early sport specialization from the aspects of organizational system,theoretical research,team building,and evaluation mechanism of youth sports training.

关 键 词：青少年早期专项化训练 运动训练 理论框架 应对策略 

分 类 号：G812.45[文化科学—体育学]