量子隧道效应及其应用  

Quantum Tunneling Effect and its Application

作　　者：邱兰迪 Qiu Landi(The Affiliated High School of Peking University,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学附属中学,北京100190

出　　处：《黑龙江科学》2024年第22期63-66,共4页Heilongjiang Science

摘　　要：量子隧道效应是量子力学中的重要理论,此效应指微观粒子有几率通过比自身能量高的势垒。这一特殊性质使其在许多前沿领域得到重要应用,具有良好的发展前景。介绍了量子隧穿效应,回顾了量子力学的发展历史及量子隧道效应的基本原理,由薛定谔定态方程推导出自由粒子穿过一维对称势垒的透射系数和反射系数计算公式。根据计算公式和图表发现透射系数与势垒宽度、势垒间隔和入射能量与势垒高度的比值有关。结合研究结果分析了量子隧道效应在扫描隧道显微镜、隧道二极管、约瑟夫森结和黑洞量子隧穿上的应用,并进行了展望。Quantum tunneling is an important theory in quantum mechanics,in which there are chances for microscopic particles to pass through a barrier higher than their own energy.Because of this special property,it has been applied in many frontier fields and has a good development prospect.The study introduces quantum tunneling effect,reviews the development history of quantum mechanics and the basic principle of quantum tunneling effect,and deduces the calculation formulas of transmission coefficient and reflection coefficient of free particles passing through one-dimensional symmetric barrier from Schrodinger’s steady state equation.It is found that the transmission coefficient is related to the barrier width,barrier interval and the ratio of incident energy to barrier height.Then the study analyzes and prospects the application of quantum tunneling effect in scanning tunneling microscope,tunneling diode,Josephson junction and black hole quantum tunneling.

关 键 词：隧道效应 透射系数 一维对称势垒 

分 类 号：O413[理学—理论物理]