近代内蒙古生猪养殖与畜牧经济变革  

The Development and Causes of Pig Industry in Modern Inner Mongolia

作　　者：张博 Zhang Bo

机构地区：[1]西北大学历史学院,西安710127

出　　处：《中国经济史研究》2024年第6期158-174,共17页Researches in Chinese Economic History

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“内蒙古地区畜牧生产变革的环境史研究(1840一1958)”(批准号:23CZS065)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：近代内蒙古地区的农业发展为其生猪养殖奠定了基本的社会生产环境,提供了饲料与饲养技术,使其养猪业得到初步发展。而猪及其副产品的商品化,以及政府、学界等力量为应对“农村破产”而制定的畜牧业发展政策与畜种、技术引进等,均使蒙地养猪业得到进一步的发展。猪在内蒙古多地牲畜结构中的比重也逐渐超过牛、马、骆驼,“蒙古五畜”占据相对主体的格局逐渐动摇。生猪养殖数量的激增,以及猪在牲畜结构中比重的加大,可谓内蒙古畜牧生产的一大巨变。这一变化背后有着复杂的驱动力,反映着近代内蒙古社会经济的发展变化。但由于社会动荡、政府力量深入有限以及对于蒙地社会文化因素的忽略等原因,近代内蒙古的养猪业在短暂发展后便陷入衰落。The development of agriculture in the modern Inner Mongolia region laid a basic social production environment for pig farming,provided feed sources and breeding techniques,and led to the initial development of the pig farming industry.The commercialization of pigs and their by-products,as well as the animal husbandry development policies formulated by the government,academia,and other forces to cope with"rural bankruptcy",as well as the introduction of livestock breeds and technologies,have further promoted the development of Mongolian pig farming.The proportion of pigs in the livestock structure of multiple areas in Inner Mongolia is gradually surpassing that of cows,horses,and camels,and the pattern of"Mongolian five livestock"occupying the main body is gradually shaking.The surge in the number of live pig breeding and the increasing proportion of pigs in the livestock structure can be described as a major change in livestock production in Inner Mongolia.There are complex driving forces behind this change,reflecting the development and changes of modern Inner Mongolia's social economy.However,due to social unrest,limited government involvement,and neglect of cultural factors in Inner Mongolia,the pig farming industry in Inner Mongolia fell into decline after a brief period of development.

关 键 词：内蒙古 养猪业 近代时期 畜牧业史 

分 类 号：F329[经济管理—产业经济] K25[历史地理—历史学]