高原鼠兔与牧草地群落、环境的关系及防控阈值研究  

Study on the Relationship of Plateau Pika with Grazing Grassland Communities and Environment and Its Control Threshold

作　　者：唐明坤[1] 班英 索郎夺尔基 秦盈 韩立亮 杜颜如 王新[1] 陈治兴 周俗 TANG Mingkun;BAN Ying;Suolangduoerji;QIN Ying;HAN Liliang;DU Yanru;WANG Xin;CHEN Zhixing;ZHOU Su(Sichuan Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Conservation for Forest and Wetland,Sichuan Academy of Forestry,Chengdu 610081,China;Management Bureau of Sichuan Zoige Wetland National Nature Reserve,Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture,Sichuan Province 624500,China;Key Laboratory of Bio‑Resource and Eco‑Environment of Ministry of Education,College of Life Sciences,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China;Tsinghua‑Qingdao Big Data Engineering Research Center,Qingdao,Shandong Province 266000,China;School of Economics and Management,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China)

机构地区：[1]四川省林业科学研究院,森林和湿地生态恢复与保育四川省重点实验室,成都610081 [2]四川若尔盖湿地国家级自然保护区管理局,四川阿坝624500 [3]四川大学生命科学学院,生物资源与生态环境教育部重点实验室,成都610065 [4]清华-青岛大数据工程研究中心,山东青岛266000 [5]东北林业大学经济管理学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《四川动物》2024年第6期601-613,共13页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：四川省科技计划重点研发项目(2023YFN0028;2022YFS0483);国家自然科学基金项目(31970399);国家现代农业产业技术体系四川饲草创新团队专项建设资金项目(sccxtd-2020-16);四川省基本科研项目(2023JBKY10);四川省林业和草原局科技推广项目(510201202109731);阿坝县、甘孜县2023年省级财政林业草原生态保护恢复专项资金项目。

摘　　要：为揭示高原鼠兔Ochotona curzoniae活动与放牧高寒草地群落及环境因子的相关性,探究正常放牧高寒草地的高原鼠兔防控阈值,采用传统地面样方结合无人机低空影像采集识别的研究方法,获取四川省阿坝藏族羌族自治州若尔盖县夏季牧场50个调查样地的高原鼠兔总洞口密度和草地群落特征数据,经方差分析、线性拟合及冗余分析,结果表明:(1)高原鼠兔偏好栖息于南、西朝向,坡度5~15°的缓坡草地,总洞口密度与坡度显著正相关;(2)高原鼠兔总洞口密度与植被盖度、群落平均高度、Patrick物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、生物量显著负相关,随着总洞口密度增加,植被盖度降低,群落平均高度、Patrick物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、生物量呈先升高后降低的变化趋势;(3)初步判定若尔盖放牧高寒草地的高原鼠兔洞口密度的防控阈值为1000个/hm^(2)。研究结果为川西北高原鼠兔的危害快速识别和牧草保护管理提供了参考。In this study,the correlation of the activity of plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae)with grazing alpine grassland communities and environmental factors and the population regulation threshold of O.curzoniae in normal grazing alpine grassland,were investigated by using the traditional ground quadrat and unmanned aerial vehicle low-altitude image acqui-sition and recognition method.The data of burrow densities of O.curzoniae and grassland community characteristics in 50 summer pasture plots in Zoige County,Sichuan Province were obtained.The results of variance,linear fitting and re-dundancy analyses showed that:(1)O.curzoniae preferred to inhabiting grasslands facing south and west,with gentle slopes between 5°and 15°,and the density of total burrows(DB)was significantly positively correlated with slope.(2)The DB of O.curzoniae was significantly negatively correlated with the vegetation coverage of sampling plot(VCSP),the mean height of the community(MH),Patrick species richness(PSR),Shannon-Wiener diversity index(SWDI),and above-ground fresh biomass(AFB)of grassland communities.With the increase of DB,the VCSP declined,while MH,PSR,SWDI,and AFB tend to be increased first and then decreased.(3)The population control threshold of O.curzoniae’s DB in grazing grassland of Zoige County was 1000 burrows per ha.This study provides a reference for rapid identification of O.curzoniae hazards and pasture protection in northwest Sichuan.

关 键 词：若尔盖 高寒草地 无人机 生境选择 种群调控 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学] S443[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]