贡嘎山地区雪豹的日活动节律、活动海拔及适宜栖息地  

Daily Activity Rhythm,Distribution Elevation,and Suitable Habitat Area of Panthera uncia in the Gongga Mountain

作　　者：杨创明 何兴成 廖静 周华明 阮光华 王旭 肖启程 廖文菊[1] 吴猛 YANG Chuangming;HE Xingcheng;LIAO Jing;ZHOU Huaming;RUAN Guanghua;WANG Xu;XIAO Qicheng;LIAO Wenju;WU Meng(Sichuan Minzu College,Kangding,Sichuan Province 626000,China;Key Laboratory of Bio‑Resource and Eco‑Environment of Ministry of Education,College of Life Sciences,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China;Institute of Forestry Science of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Kangding,Sichuan Province 626000,China;Gongga Mountain National Nature Reserve Administrative Bureau,Kangding,Sichuan Province 626000,China)

机构地区：[1]四川民族学院,四川康定626000 [2]四川大学生命科学学院,生物资源与生态环境教育部重点实验室,成都610065 [3]甘孜藏族自治州林业科学研究所,四川康定626000 [4]四川贡嘎山国家级自然保护区管理局,四川康定626000

出　　处：《四川动物》2024年第6期614-623,共10页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：甘孜州西北长江与黄河源地区雪豹栖息地状况及其优先保护地域研究(23NSFSC0887)。

摘　　要：基于2012—2018年红外相机监测数据对贡嘎山地区雪豹Panthera uncia的日活动节律、活动海拔及适宜栖息地进行了研究。分析发现雪豹主要在夜间活动(昼行性指数<0.54),活动海拔3 996~4 969 m,平均为4 674 m,随海拔梯度上升,雪豹的相机捕获率呈增加趋势。年均降水量和气温日较差对雪豹适宜栖息地预测模型的贡献率最大,是影响雪豹栖息地选择的重要环境因子。在27 467.21 km^(2)的评价范围内,雪豹适宜栖息地面积约4 265.15 km^(2),其中,贡嘎山国家级自然保护区内适宜栖息地面积约1 431.78 km^(2),占雪豹适宜栖息地总面积的33.57%,最大连续适宜栖息地斑块分布在保护区及其周边区域,面积约2 465.50 km^(2)。研究表明,保护雪豹需要综合管护保护区及其以外更大的适宜栖息地,特别是雪豹常出没的高海拔地区。Clarifying the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics and suitable habitat area of a species is important for understanding its survival strategy and scientific conservation.In this study,the daily activity rhythm,distribution eleva-tion,and suitable habitat area of snow leopard(Panthera uncia)in the Gongga Mountain(Sichuan Province)were investi-gated based on the infrared cameras from 2012 to 2018.The daily activity rhythm of P.uncia was nocturnal(diurnal-nocturnal index<0.54).The distribution elevation of P.uncia ranged from 3996 m to 4969 m,and the average distribu-tion altitude was 4674 m.The camera capture rate of P.uncia increased along with the increasing altitudinal gradient.The results of MaxEnt model showed that the distribution of P.uncia was significantly influenced by the annual precipita-tion and diurnal temperature range.The suitable habitat area of P.uncia was predicted to be 4265.15 km².Although there was only 1431.78 km^(2) of suitable habitat area for P.uncia in the Gongga Mountain National Nature Reserve,the reserve and its surrounding areas had the largest continuous suitable habitat patch,covering an area of approximately 2465.50 km^(2).This study indicates that the conservation of P.uncia requires comprehensive management of protected areas and larger suitable habitats,especially at high altitudes where P.uncia are active.

关 键 词：高山峡谷地区 雪豹 日活动节律 海拔 适宜栖息地 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学] Q16