基于鸟类组成、空间分布和栖息地适宜性探讨青海昆仑山国家公园建立的可行性  

Feasibility of Establishing Qinghai Kunlun Mountain National Park Based on Bird Composition,Spatial Distribution and Habitat Suitability

作　　者：尚帅斌 伊拉木江·托合塔洪 刘楠 刘虎祥 廖小青 于晓平[2] SHANG Shuaibin;TUOHETAHONG Yilamujiang;LIU Nan;LIU Huxiang;LIAO Xiaoqing;YU Xiaoping(Northwest Survey and Planning Institute,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Xi’an 710048,China;College of Life Sciences,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710119,China;Xi’an Wild Birds Conservation Association,Xi’an 710032,China)

机构地区：[1]国家林业和草原局西北调查规划院,西安710048 [2]陕西师范大学生命科学学院,西安710119 [3]西安市野生鸟类保护协会,西安710032

出　　处：《四川动物》2024年第6期685-695,共11页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家林业和草原局西北调查规划院科技创新项目(XBY-KJCX-2021-10)。

摘　　要：国家公园在自然资源、人文景观保护,以及科学教育和公众娱乐等方面扮演着极其重要的角色。中国政府已着手构建以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系,青藏高原独特的自然生态系统、生物物种和自然景观使其在自然保护地体系中占有极其重要的地位。本研究采用野外调查、模型模拟和统计分析的方法,试图从鸟类的物种组成、空间分布和重点物种栖息地适宜性等方面探讨了青海昆仑山国家公园建立的可行性。结果表明,青海昆仑山国家公园评估区拥有鸟类18目41科204种,其中国家一级重点保护鸟类7种,二级31种,中国或青藏高原特有种(或亚种)31种。这些物种既有伞护种(旗舰种)黑颈鹤Grus nigricollis,还有以褐头朱雀Carpodacus sillemi、藏雀Carpodacus roborowskii为代表的多种青藏高原特有鸟类。此外评估区地处中国中部候鸟迁徙区,大规模的候鸟迁徙代表着大尺度的生态过程,具有国家层面的典型性。因此,青海昆仑山国家公园在鸟类方面符合《国家公园设立规范》(GB/T 39737—2021)的准入条件和认定目标。National parks play a very important role in protecting natural resources and cultural landscapes and promoting scientific education,and public entertainment.The Chinese government has taken steps to establish a system of nature re-serves with national parks as backbone,in which the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau represent a key candidate area.This study at-tempts to explore the feasibility of establishing the Qinghai Kunlun Mountain National Park by conducting field surveys,model simulations,and statistical analyses,focusing on bird species composition,spatial distribution,and habitat suitabil-ity for key species.The results showed that in the assessment area of the Qinghai Kunlun Mountain National Park,there are 204 species of birds belonging to 18 orders and 41 families,including 7 classⅠnationally protected wild birds,31 classⅡnationally protected wild birds,and 31 species(or subspecies)endemic to China or Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.These species include the flagship species Grus nigricollis,and various Qinghai-Tibet Plateau endemic birds represented by Carpodacus sillemi and Carpodacus roborowskii.Additionally,the assessment area is located in the central part of China’s bird migration zone,and the large-scale migration of birds represents significant ecological processes on a large scale,dem-onstrating national-level significance.Therefore,we consider that the Qinghai Kunlun Mountain National Park meets the access conditions and identification goals in Specification for National Park Establishment(GB/T 39737—2021)in terms of bird species.

关 键 词：国家公园 鸟类组成 空间分布 栖息地适宜性 青海昆仑山 

分 类 号：Q959.7[生物学—动物学]