古尔班通古特沙漠输水明渠野生动物通道监测研究  

Monitoring of Wildlife Crossings Over An Open Canal in Gurbantunggut Desert

作　　者：夏霖[1] 许玉 程继龙 温知新 杨奇森[1] XIA Lin;XU Yu;CHENG Jiong;WEN Zhixin;YANG Qisen(Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Xinjiang Boyan Water Resources and Hydropower Environmental Technology Co.,Ltd.,Urumqi 830000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所,北京100101 [2]新疆博衍水利水电环境科技有限公司,乌鲁木齐830000

出　　处：《四川动物》2024年第6期696-703,716,共9页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金NSFC-新疆联合基金项目(U2003203);重大水利工程对额尔齐斯河流域陆栖脊椎动物及栖息地的影响监测研究项目。

摘　　要：2018年8月—2023年8月,利用红外相机触发陷阱技术对古尔班通古特沙漠输水明渠166 km范围内的13座跨渠野生动物通道进行了5年的持续监测。15台红外相机总有效拍摄工作日为19 946 d,获得独立有效照片57 333张,鉴别出兽类5目8科12种,包括国家一级重点保护动物1种、二级6种。在水源极度匮乏的沙漠腹地,渠道输水对周边动物具有吸引和聚集作用,渠道上记录到的兽类物种数(不包括啮齿目Rodentia)占渠道两侧分布兽类物种数的85.71%。赤狐Vulpes vulpes的相对多度指数(RAI)最高,达到80.90%,其次为鹅喉羚Gazella subgutturosa(15.50%)和蒙古兔Lepus tola(i4.37%);渠道输水期间,除蒙古兔、兔狲Otocolobus manul、蒙古野驴Equus hemionus和偶见种野猪Sus scrofa外,其他8种兽类的RAI均高于停水期,且月相对多度指数高峰亦出现于输水的4—9月。通道的相对利用率分析显示,鹅喉羚和蒙古野驴对S7、S9和S12的利用率最高。本研究首次对水利工程中野生动物通道有效性进行了监测和评价,为未来水利工程相关野生动物保护措施的设置提供了重要的科学依据。During August,2018 and August,2023,15 infrared cameras were set up on 13 crossing structures over a 166 km section of open canal in Gurbantunggut Desert,and a total of 57333 independent and effective photos were obtained during 19946 camera working days.Finally,12 mammal species belonging to 5 orders and 8 families,includ-ing 1 classⅠand 6 classⅡnationally key protected wild animals were identified.Among the species,85.71%(12/14)of them mgiht be attacted by the crossings in the study area,and the red fox(Vulpes vulpes)had the highest relative abun-dance index(80.90%),followed by goitred gazelle(Gazella subgutturosa,15.50%)and tolai hare(Lepus tolai,4.37%).Except for L.tolai,wild boar(Sus scrofa),Mongolian wild ass(Equus hemionus)and Pallas’cat(Otocolobu manul),the highest monthly relative abundance index of mammal species in the study area was detected during late April to mid September when the canal contains water.For the 13 crossings,S7,S9 and S12 were frequently used by E.hemio-nus and G.subgutturosa.In conclusion,this study evaluates the effectiveness of wildlife crossings over canals in China,and provides an important scientific basis for the setting of wildlife protection measures related to water conservancy proj-ects in the future.

关 键 词：古尔班通古特沙漠 明渠 野生动物通道 红外相机 监测 

分 类 号：Q959.8[生物学—动物学]