长期施肥下土壤氮素指标与小麦/玉米产量关系研究  

Study on the Relationship between Soil Nitrogen Indexes and Wheat/Maize Yield under Long-Term Fertilization

作　　者：丁世杰 黄绍敏[1] 张水清[1] 郭斗斗[1] 宋晓 张珂珂[1] 岳克 郭腾飞 DING Shijie;HUANG Shaomin;ZHANG Shuiqing;GUO Doudou;SONG Xiao;ZHANG Keke;YUE Ke;GUO Tengfei(Institute of Plant Nutrient and Environmental Resources,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou,Henan 450002;Xinyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinyang,Henan 464000)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]信阳市农业科学院,河南信阳464000

出　　处：《核农学报》2025年第1期157-169,共13页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1700902);河南省农业科学院基础性科研项目(2024JC012)。

摘　　要：为明确施肥对典型潮土区土壤氮素指标的影响以及氮素指标与作物产量的量化关系,本研究利用长期定位施肥试验系统评估施肥对土壤全氮、碱解氮、酸解有机氮组分、微生物量氮含量的影响,并进一步定量分析氮素指标与小麦、玉米产量间的关系。结果表明,与单施化肥或不施肥相比,长期化肥与秸秆或有机肥配施在显著提高土壤全氮含量的同时,对碱解氮、酸解总氮、酸解铵态氮、氨基酸态氮与微生物量氮含量的提高也有明显的促进作用。除土壤全氮外的其他氮素指标含量在高量化肥-有机肥配施、化肥-秸秆还田和常量化肥-有机肥配施处理间无显著差异。土壤全氮、微生物量氮和碱解氮含量是对作物产量影响程度相对较大的氮素指标。土壤全氮含量每增加0.1 g·kg^(−1),小麦和玉米分别增产822.7和968.2 kg·hm^(-2)。土微生物量氮与碱解氮含量每增加1 mg·kg^(−1),小麦增产195.2与58.1 kg·hm^(-2);玉米增产189.9与79.1 kg·hm^(-2)。酸解总氮与氨基酸态氮含量对小麦产量也有显著影响,酸解总氮与氨基酸态氮含量每增加1 mg·kg^(−1),小麦分别增产15.8与30.0 kg·hm^(-2)。综上所述,化肥与秸秆或有机肥配施可提高潮土氮素库容与供氮能力。小麦、玉米产量随土壤全氮、微生物量氮与碱解氮含量的提高呈线性增长,小麦产量与酸解总氮和氨基酸态氮含量呈显著正相关。本研究为典型潮土区地力培育与粮食丰产提供了理论依据和技术支撑。This study aimed to clarify the impact of long term fertilization on soil N index and the quantitative relationship between soil N index and crop yield in typical fluvo-aquic soil area.Based on a long-term fertilization experiment,this study was conducted to systematically evaluate the effects of long term fertilization on the concentrations of soil total N(TN),alkali hydrolyzed N(AN),acid hydrolysable organic N fractions,microbial biomass N(MBN).Furtherly,quantitative relationship between soil N index and wheat and maize yield was investigated.The results showed that long-term combined application of chemical fertilizer and straw or organic fertilizer not only significantly increased soil TN content,but also increased the concentrations of AN,total acid hydrolysable N(AHN),hydrolysable ammonium N(HAN),amino acid N(AAN),and MBN,compared to chemical fertilizer or without fertilizer.It was also found that there was no significant difference in the concentrations of the soil N indexes(except TN),among the combined application of high rate chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer,the combined application of normal rate chemical fertilizer and straw,and the combined application of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer.TN,MBN and AN were relatively important N indexes for crop yield.Specifically,with the increasing of TN content by 0.1 g·kg^(−1),the wheat and maize yield increased 822.7 and 968.2 kg·hm^(-2).Furthermore,with the increasing of MBN and AN by 1 mg·kg^(−1),the wheat yield increased 195.2 and 58.1 kg·hm^(-2),and the maize yield increased 189.9 and 79.1 kg·hm^(-2).AHN and AAN also had significant influence on wheat yield.It was observed that with the increasing of AHN and AAN by 1 mg·kg^(−1),the wheat yield increased 15.8 and 30.0 kg·hm^(-2),respectively.Overall,the combined application of chemical fertilizer and straw or organic fertilizer can improve soil N storage and supply capacity.The yield of wheat and maize exhibited a linear increase with the enhancement of TN,MBN,and AN.And a sig

关 键 词：长期定位试验 施肥 土壤氮素指标 作物产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学] S512.1