黄芪挖掘机的设计与试验  

Design and Experimental Results Obtained With an Astragalus Digger Prototype

作　　者：杜建璞 孙伟 董丽梅[2] 赵志伟 赵明 罗伟宁 DU Jian-Pu;SUN Wei;DONG Li-mei;ZHAO Zhi-wei;ZHAO Ming;LUO Wei-ning(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou Gansu 730070,China;Lanzhou City University BaiLie school of petroleum Engineering,Lanzhou Gansu 730070,China;Dingxi Sanniu Agricultural Machinery Manufacturing Co.,Ltd.,Dingxi Gansu 743000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学机电工程学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]兰州城市学院培黎石油工程学院,甘肃兰州730070 [3]定西三牛农机制造有限公司,甘肃定西743000

出　　处：《林业机械与木工设备》2024年第10期25-35,共11页Forestry Machinery & Woodworking Equipment

基　　金：甘肃省农业农村厅农机装备研发攻关项目(njf2024-03-1);甘肃省高等学校产业支撑计划项目(2022CYZC-42)。

摘　　要：针对黄芪挖掘过程中存在土量大,一级药土分离机构易堵塞、明茎率低等问题,设计了黄芪挖掘机。该样机可一次性完成黄芪挖掘、与土壤分离、碎土、药材收集等工作。在重点阐述该机具的结构组成与工作原理的基础上,对挖掘铲、输送装置、碎土装置等关键部件进行理论分析和计算,确定了具体结构性能参数;运用EDEM软件对滚轴筛进行仿真试验,确定了滚轴筛的筛分效率;建立了二级输送装置和后置碎土辊运动模型,确定了安装位置。田间试验表明,样机作业速度为1.0m/s、滚轴筛转速为130~150r/min时,作业性能最佳。并在最优参数下进行对比试验,明茎率提高约4%,挖松率为97.42%,损伤率为2.44%,各项试验指标均达到国家和行业标准要求,可以为黄芪收获机的结构优化改进提供参考。Aiming at the problems of large soil volume,easy blockage of the first level medicinal soil separation mechanism,and low stem emergence rate in the digger of Astragalus membranaceus,an Astragalus digger was designed.This prototype can complete tasks such as Astragalus membranaceus digging,soil separation,soil crushing,and herbal medicine collection in one go.On the basis of emphasizing the structural composition and working principle of the equipment,theoretical analysis and calculation were carried out on key components such as digging shovel,multi-stage conveying device,and soil crushing device,and specific structural performance parameters were determined.By using EDEM software to compare and simulate the situation with and without a roller screen,the screening efficiency of the roller screen was determined.Established a secondary conveying device and a motion model for the rear soil crushing roller,and determined the installation position.Compared with traditional harvesters,the drag reducing and soil crushing device of this machine is more efficient,reducing damage to Astragalus membranaceus during the harvesting process,and improving the quality and efficiency of Astragalus membranaceus harvesting.Field experiments have shown that the optimal performance of the prototype is achieved when the operating speed is 1.0m/s and the roller screen speed is 130-150r/min. And comparative experiments were conducted under the optimal parameters, the stem bright rate by about 4%, the digging and loosening rate by 97.42%, and the damage rate by 2.44%. All experimental indicators met the requirements of national and industry standards, this can provide reference for the structural optimization and improvement of Astragalus membranaceus harvester.

关 键 词：黄芪 根茎类 EDEM 田间试验 

分 类 号：S22[农业科学—农业机械化工程]