中药材振动筛分挖掘机的研制与试验  

Development and Experiment of a Vibration Screening Excavator for Traditional Chinese Medicine

作　　者：李世良 孙伟 于天祥 LI Shi-liang;SUN Wei;YU Tian-xiang(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou Gansu 730070,China;Baiyin Vocational College of Mining And Metallurgy,Baiyin Gansu 730900,china;JiuquanVocational Technical College,Jiuquan Gansu 735000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学机电工程学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]白银矿冶职业技术学院,甘肃白银730900 [3]酒泉职业技术学院,甘肃酒泉735000

出　　处：《林业机械与木工设备》2024年第10期49-59,共11页Forestry Machinery & Woodworking Equipment

基　　金：甘肃省农业农村厅农机装备研发攻关项目(njf2024-03-1);甘肃省高等学校产业支撑计划项目(2022CYZC-42)。

摘　　要：针对西北旱区传统中药材机械化收获存在的明茎率低,损伤率、含杂率高等问题,基于西北旱区中药材种植模式要求,通过理论分析和离散元仿真,设计了中药材振动筛分挖掘机。确定了其关键结构一级振动分离装置和二级振动分离装置的核心作业参数。结合数据分析软件Design-Expert以中药材药土运输率、接触力为指标,仿真模拟优化得到了一级振动筛分装置振动分离筛筛孔边长为50 mm、曲柄转速为74 rad/s、振动分离筛倾角为8°,以明茎率为指标,借助单因素试验明确了二级振动筛分装置的分离机理,优化确定了最佳筛孔边长为100 mm。田间试验表明,加设二级振动筛分装置的中药材筛分装置作业后,其核心评价指标挖掘深度、明茎率、损伤率、含杂率、挖净率分别为409 mm、97.19%、4.69%、4.89%、97.68%,表明设计的中药材筛分装置符合国家马铃薯种植机以及覆膜种植机的要求。In response to the problems of low stem rate,high damage rate,and high impurity content in the mechanized harvesting of traditional Chinese medicinal materials in the northwest arid region,based on the requirements of the planting mode of Chinese medicinal materials in the northwest arid region,a vibration screening excavator for Chinese medicinal materials was designed through theoretical analysis and discrete element simulation.The core operating parameters of the primary and secondary vibration separation devices,which are the key structures,have been determined.Based on the data analysis software Design Expert,the transportation rate and contact force of traditional Chinese medicine soil were used as indicators to simulate and optimize the first stage vibration screening device.The sieve edge length of the vibration separation screen was 50 mm,the crankshaft speed was 74 rad/s,and the inclination angle of the vibration separation screen was 8°.With the stem rate as the indicator,the separation mechanism of the second stage vibration screening device was clarified through single factor experiments,and the optimal sieve edge length was determined to be 100 mm.Field experiments have shown that the core evaluation indicators of the traditional Chinese medicine screening device with the addition of a two-stage vibration screening device after operation are 409 mm,97.19%,4.69%,4.89%,and 97.68%,respectively.This indicates that the designed traditional Chinese medicine screening device meets the requirements of national potato planting machines and film covered planting machines.

关 键 词：中药材 振动筛分装置 挖掘铲 仿真分析 

分 类 号：TP242[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] S776[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]