为什么寒门难出贵子——教育相对回报、家长教育预期与子女成绩  

Why Few Elites Grow Up in Poor-Class Families——Relative Returns to Education,Parents’Educational Expectations,and Children’s Academic Performance

作　　者：顾祥 GU Xiang(School of Economics and Management,Southeast University,Nanjing 211189,China)

机构地区：[1]东南大学经济管理学院,江苏南京211189

出　　处：《山西财经大学学报》2024年第11期45-57,共13页Journal of Shanxi University of Finance and Economics

摘　　要：为深入剖析寒门难出贵子之原因,以缓解教育不平等,利用中国家庭追踪调查数据,将高等教育相对回报分为长期回报和短期回报,实证分析其对子女成绩的影响和家长教育预期的中介效应。研究发现,高等教育短期相对回报降低会通过降低家长教育预期进而影响子女成绩,但高等教育长期相对回报对家长教育预期和子女成绩均无显著影响。异质性分析表明,贫穷阶层家长和受教育水平较低家长的教育预期更易受到高等教育短期相对回报的影响。进一步,拓展讨论明瑟教育回报率,发现高等教育长期相对回报优势明显。另外,农民进城和高校扩招均会降低高等教育短期相对回报,但对高等教育长期相对回报并未产生明显影响。Using the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)data,this paper divided the relative returns of higher education into long-term and short-term returns,and conducted an empirical analysis of their impact on children’s academic performance and the mediating effect of parents’educational expectations,so as to delve into the reasons behind why few elites grew up in poor-class families,hoping to alleviate educational inequality.The research found that,lower short-term relative returns to higher education could affect children’s academic performance by lowering parents’educational expectations,while the long-term relative returns of higher education had no significant impact on either parents’educational expectations or children’s academic performance.Heterogeneity analysis showed that,the educational expectations of parents from poorer backgrounds and those with lower levels of education were more susceptible to changes in the short-term relative returns of higher education.Further discussion of Mincerian education return rates revealed a clear advantage for the long-term relative returns of higher education.Additionally,the migration of rural residents to urban areas and the expansion of higher education enrollment both led to a reduction in the short-term relative returns of higher education,but did not significantly affect the long-term relative returns.

关 键 词：教育短期相对回报 教育长期相对回报 家长教育预期 子女成绩 家庭阶层 

分 类 号：F240[经济管理—劳动经济] G52[经济管理—国民经济]