清代皇家匠作所用金箔的名目、来源与成色  

The Terminology,Sources,and Purity of Gold Foils Used by Imperial Craftsmen in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：刘梦雨 Liu Mengyu

机构地区：[1]故宫博物院,北京100009

出　　处：《文博学刊》2024年第4期120-127,共8页Journal of Archaeology and Museology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目课题“明清官式建筑材料科学化认知研究”(项目编号:2020YFC1522402)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：金箔是清代皇家营造业和手工业中广泛使用的装饰材料。目前普遍认为,清代文物中使用的金箔包括含金量98%的“库金”和含金量74%的“赤金”两种。但是,这一说法实系今人误解。在清代匠作术语中,用于描述黄金成色的概念是“赤金/淡金”,含金量九成以上称“赤金”,四至九成称“淡金”。金箔的名目则以“黄金/红金”“大赤/田赤”两组术语最为常见。其中,“大赤”对应“红金”,指成色高、颜色深的金箔;“田赤”对应“黄金”,指成色低、颜色浅的金箔。从清代文物中金箔的科学检测数据来看,“红金/大赤”的含金量在90%以上,“黄金/田赤”的成色则处于50%~90%。“库金”一词在清代仅指“库中所贮之金”,与成色无关。Gold foil was a decorative material widely used in imperial construction and handicraft industry in the Qing dynasty.Currently,it is generally believed that the gold foils used in artifacts of the Qing dynasty include two types:“ku-jin”with 98%gold content and“chi-jin”with 74%gold content.However,this is actually misunderstood by modern people.In the terminology of handicraft in the Qing dynasty,the concepts used to describe the purity of gold are“pure gold(chi-jin)”and“light gold(dan-jin)”.The former has more than 90%gold content,while the latter has 40%to 90%gold content.“Yellow gold/red gold”and“da-chi/tian-chi”are the most commonly used terms for gold foil.“Da-chi/red gold”refers to the gold foil with higher purity and more saturated color;and“tian-chi/yellow gold”refers to the gold foil with lower purity and lighter color.From the scientific analysis data of gold foils in the Qing dynasty cultural relics,the gold content of“red gold”or“da-chi”is generally more than 90%,while the gold content of“yellow gold”or“tian-chi”ranges from 50%to 90%.In the Qing dynasty,the term“ku-jin”only refers to“gold stored in the imperial treasury”and is not related to its purity.

关 键 词：清代 匠作 金箔 飞金 库金 

分 类 号：K876.43[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]