当代国际海洋法的发展及中国的角色担当  

The Development of Contemporary International Law of the Sea and China's Role and Responsibility

作　　者：邹克渊 Zou Keyuan

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学

出　　处：《地方立法研究》2024年第6期110-128,共19页Local Legislation Journal

摘　　要：本文旨在系统回顾和探讨国际海洋法的产生与发展历程,重点分析自《联合国海洋法公约》通过以来的国际立法与司法实践,以及各国的实践和应对,并对中国的角色担当作出重点分析阐述。《联合国海洋法公约》作为现代海洋法的基石,奠定了国家间在海洋资源开发、环境保护、海洋权益划分等方面的法律框架,为全球治理海洋提供了重要的法治基础。然而,随着时间的推移,全球海洋环境的变化、科技进步以及新兴经济体的崛起,海洋法领域中出现了诸多新的挑战与问题。例如,海洋污染、气候变化对海平面上升的影响、海底资源的争夺、新型海洋技术的应用等,都是当前国际社会面临的复杂问题。在此背景下,中国作为全球重要的海洋大国,在海洋法的制定与实施中扮演着越来越重要的角色。中国不仅积极参与了《联合国海洋法公约》的谈判和签署,还在随后几十年的国际海洋法实践中不断推动该领域的完善与发展。中国致力于通过国际合作和多边机制,在维护自身海洋权益的同时,促进全球海洋事务的公平治理和可持续发展。与此同时,中国在应对新兴海洋问题方面也进一步发挥作用和加强影响力,特别是在海洋环境保护、海洋资源的可持续利用和极地研究等领域。这使得中国在全球海洋法体系中的地位不断提升,并在国际海洋法的发展中发挥着积极作用。This paper aims to systematically review and discuss the origin and development of international law of the sea,with a focus on the international legislative and judicial practices since the adoption of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea(UNCLOS),as well as the practices and responses of various countries.A key analysis is provided on China's role and responsibility in this context.As the cornerstone of modern law of the sea,UNCLOS established a legal framework for inter-state cooperation on maritime resource exploitation,environmental protection,and the delimitation of maritime rights,offering a vital legal foundation for global ocean governance.However,over time,new challenges and issues have emerged in the field of the law of the sea due to changes in the global marine environment,technological advancements,and the rise of emerging economies.Issues such as marine pollution,the impact of climate change on sea-level rise,competition for seabed resources,and the application of new marine technologies represent complex problems for the international community.Against this backdrop,China,as a major global maritime power,has played an increasingly important role in the formulation and implementation of the law of the sea.China actively participated in the negotiation and signing of UNCLOS and has since been a driving force in advancing the development of international law of the sea.Through international cooperation and multilateral mechanisms,China seeks to safeguard its maritime rights while promoting fair governance and sustainable development of global maritime affairs.Additionally,China has further strengthened its role and influence in addressing emerging maritime issues,particularly in the fields of marine environmental protection,sustainable use of marine resources,and polar research.This has enhanced China's position in the global ocean law system,where it continues to play a positive and constructive role in the development of international law of the sea.

关 键 词：国际海洋法 《联合国海洋法公约》 国家实践 国际司法 中国角色 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学] D822[政治法律—法学]