生物基质地膜覆盖对辣椒生长及土壤微生物特性的影响  

Effect of bio-matrix film mulching on pepper growth and soil microbial characteristics

作　　者：温宇珂 戴林刚 张紫薇 徐歆雅 刘轶豪 王岩 陈强 WEN Yuke;DAI Lingang;ZHANG Ziwei;XU Xinya;LIU Yihao;WANG Yan;CHEN Qiang(College of Resources,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;Tengchong Plant Protection Plant Inspection Workstation,Tengchong 679100,China;Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学资源学院,成都611130 [2]腾冲市植保植检工作站,腾冲679100 [3]成都市农林科学院,成都611130

出　　处：《应用与环境生物学报》2024年第5期950-958,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology

基　　金：农业产业技术体系四川创新团队项目(Sccxtd-2020-07)资助。

摘　　要：为了探明生物基质地膜用于辣椒种植的可行性,采用单因素随机区组法,设置了3个处理,生物基质地膜覆盖(BM)、塑料地膜覆盖(PM)和不覆膜对照种植(CK),探讨了不同处理对辣椒农艺性状、产量、果实品质,以及土壤养分含量和微生物特性的影响.结果表明,BM处理具有更好的除草效果,相较于PM处理提高14.20%,与PM和CK处理相比,BM处理辣椒植株的株高分别增加了7.25%和16.74%,根系鲜重增加了25.70%和36.85%.BM处理可有效提高辣椒品质,与PM和CK处理相比,辣椒可溶性糖含量显著提高了42.03%和37.20%(P<0.05).与PM和CK处理相比,BM处理有效提高了土壤养分及土壤酶活性,根际土壤有机质含量分别增加了41.66%和64.79%,蔗糖酶活性分别提高了19.19%和40.85%.高通量测序结果表明,BM处理改善了土壤微生物群落组成,降低了Nocardioides、Fusarium和Plectosphaerella等致病菌的相对丰度;RDA冗余分析表明,土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量是影响根际土壤细菌群落的主要环境因子.LEfSe和LDA分析表明,指示性细菌和真菌群落发生了显著改变.从细菌指示性群落看,BM处理为Proteobacteria、Vicinamibacteraceae、Micromonosporales,PM处理为Nitrosomonadaceae、Chloroflexi、Gaiellales,CK为MB_A2_108;从真菌指示性群落看,BM为Eurotiomycetes、Aspergillaceae、Eurootiales,PM为Pezizomycotina、Glomerellales、Plectsphaerellaceae,CK为Sordariomycetes、Podosporaceae、Nectriaceae.本研究表明生物基质地膜可促进辣椒生长,提高土壤养分含量和土壤酶活性,改善根际土壤微生物群落结构,有效解决塑料地膜引起的环境问题.(图6表5参46)To explore the feasibility of using biomatrix film mulching for pepper cultivation,a single-factor random block method was applied,and three treatments were set up:biomatrix film mulching(BM),plastic film mulching(PM),and control cultivation without mulch(CK).The effects of the different treatments on pepper agronomic traits,yield,fruit quality,soil nutrient content,and microbial characteristics were investigated.The results showed that the weed control effect was 14.20% higher following BM treatment than that following PM treatment.Compared with the PM and CK treatments,the plant heights of BM treatment increased by 7.25% and 16.74%,respectively.The root fresh weight after BM treatment increased by 25.70% and 36.85%,respectively.BM treatment improved the quality of capsicum and increased the soluble sugar content of capsicum by 42.03% and 37.20% compared with the effects of PM and CK treatments,respectively(P<0.05).Compared with the PM and CK treatments,the organic matter content in the pepper rhizosphere soil increased by 41.66%and 64.79%,respectively,and sucrase activity increased by 19.19%and 40.85%,respectively.High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that BM treatment improved soil microbial communities and decreased the relative abundance of pathogens such as Nocardioides,Fusarium,and Plectosphaerell.Redundancy analysis showed that the soil organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium contents were the main environmental factors affecting the rhizosphere soil bacterial communities.Linear discriminant analysis effect size and linear discriminant analyses revealed significant changes in the bacterial and fungal biomarker communities.Among bacterial biomarker communities,BM contained Proteobacteria,Vicinamibacteraceae,and Micromonosporales;PM contained Nitrosomonadaceae,Chloroflexi,and Gaiellales;and CK contained MB_A2_108.For fungal biomarker communities,BM included Eurotiomycetes,Aspergillaceae,and Eurootiales and PM included Pezizomycotina,Glomerellales,and Plect

关 键 词：生物基质地膜 地膜污染 农艺性状 根际土壤 土壤微生物 

分 类 号：S641.3[农业科学—蔬菜学] S154.3[农业科学—园艺学]