族裔民族主义与公民民族主义思想的起源、发展与缺陷  

Ethnic Nationalism and Civic Nationalism:Origins,Evolution and Flaws

作　　者：黄洋 HUANG Yang

机构地区：[1]浙江外国语学院英语语言文化学院,310023 [2]浙江外国语学院环地中海研究院,310023

出　　处：《国外社会科学前沿》2024年第8期53-67,共15页JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL SOCIAL SCIENCES

摘　　要：作为民族主义理论中的两大重要分支,族裔民族主义与公民民族主义在理论和现实中都具有重要意义。族裔民族主义强调民族成员具有共同的起源,主要表现在文化元素上;公民民族主义则把个体的主观意愿放到第一位,将对于地域、法律、制度、个人权利等要素的认同作为民族认同的来源。作为意识形态的二者并不是古已有之的产物,而是近代以来才形成的系统性思想。族裔民族主义的萌芽在欧洲启蒙运动时期已经出现,继而在浪漫主义运动时期的德意志地区正式形成;公民民族主义的源头则可追溯至法国大革命,在当代仍被以哈贝马斯为代表的思想家们进一步诠释。尽管族裔民族主义与公民民族主义二分的经典性不容否认,但它们无论是在理论性上和规范性上均存在缺陷,故也无法避免批评之声。As two important branches in the theories of nationalism,ethnic nationalism and civic nationalism are of great significance in both theory and reality.Ethnic nationalism emphasizes the common descent of a nation’s members,which is embodied mainly in cultural elements;civic nationalism prioritizes individuals’will and regards the identification with factors such as land,law,institutions and individual rights as the content of national identity.As ideologies,they are not products of ancient times,but systematic thoughts that had been formed since early modern times.While ethnic nationalism,of which the roots can be found in the Enlightenment period in Europe,formally took shape later in Germany during the Romantic movement,civic nationalism can be traced back to the French Revolution and had been further developed even in the contemporary era by thinkers like Habermas.Although it cannot be denied that the dichotomy between ethnic nationalism and civic nationalism is classic,both are flawed theoretically and normatively,and therefore cannot avoid criticism.

关 键 词：族裔民族主义 公民民族主义 族群性 民族 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学] D06[政治法律—政治学]