战后初期日本马克思主义史学对民族问题的探讨  

The Discussion of the Japanese Marxist Historiography on the National Issues during the Early Postwar Period

作　　者：王超 Wang Chao

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学历史学院

出　　处：《世界历史》2024年第5期16-25,174,175,共12页World History

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“日本思想的近代形成史研究”(项目编号:22JJD770016)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：随着战后初期冷战格局的形成,日本共产党提出民族解放的政治口号。日本的马克思主义史学界随之将民族问题作为重要的理论问题进行了集中研讨,并围绕马克思主义的民族定义以及古代贵族文化是否属于进步性的民族传统等问题展开了激烈的争论。日本古代史领域的学者大胆主张民族传统既可以为统治者活用,也可以为人民活用;日本近代史领域的学者则严守马克思主义经典理论,坚持民族是在近代产生的主张。在这一过程中,石母田正以其独特的立场,通过解读斯大林等人的著作,认为人民斗争的精神是民族传统的内核。他的观点代表了战后初期日本马克思主义史学界在民族问题上所能达到的思想深度,是解读战后日本学术史与思想史的重要案例。The Japanese Communist Party,promoted by the increasingly clear international situation of the Cold War,put forward the political slogan of‘national emancipation'in the early postwar period.Accordingly,the Marxist historiography in Japan focused on the national issues as a significant theoretical topic and heatedly debated on relevant issues,such as the Marxist definition of the nation and whether ancient aristocratic culture was a progressive national tradition.Scholars in the field of the ancient Japanese history boldly argued that national traditions could be lived out for the ruler as well as the people,while scholars in the field of the modern Japanese history questioned that proposition by strictly adhering to the classic Marxist theory which claimed that the nation emerged in modern times.In the midst of this process,Ishimoda Sho took a unique position in prescribing the people's struggle as the kernel of the national tradition by interpreting the works of Stalin and others.His view represents the depth of thought on the national issues that could be achieved by the Marxist historiography of Japan in the early postwar period and is an important case for interpreting the academic and intellectual history of postwar Japan.

关 键 词：马克思主义史学 日本共产党 民族问题 人民斗争 石母田正 

分 类 号：K093.13[历史地理—历史学] K313.5[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学] A81[政治法律—政治学] D06