美国海外利益保护机制评析  

Research on Mechanism of US Overseas Interest Protection

作　　者：黄河[1] 杨凯悦 Huang He;Yang Kaiyue(Fudan University)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学国际关系与公共事务学院

出　　处：《国际经济合作》2024年第6期27-38,88,共13页Journal of International Economic Cooperation

基　　金：2021年度贵州省社会科学规划课题“贵州加快构建西部陆海新通道‘物流+贸易+产业’运行新模式研究”(编号:21GZZB03)。

摘　　要：第二次世界大战之后,美国在海外利益保护上投入了更多政治、经济和军事资源,并在冷战期间形成完整的海外利益保护机制。自2008年全球金融危机以降,美国的全球霸主地位遭遇根本性挑战,其海外利益保护战略随之转变。奥巴马、特朗普和拜登三位总统在任期间,美国在外交政策、军事部署、经济战略及国际法律框架等方面的政策发生部分转变,对其海外利益保护的全球战略布局产生深远影响。在海外利益保护机制上,奥巴马政府力推议题重塑与争端解决,特朗普政府强调单边主义与贸易关系重塑,拜登政府主要采取伙伴关系与小多边主义政策。美国在海外利益保护的军事与经济手段使用上具有延续性,与此同时,为应对大国竞争,在外交原则上向现实主义转向明显,愈发强调经济安全,重视“经济大棒”的使用。中国及其他新兴经济体需要保持战略定力,积极在政治和法律层面寻找突破口和解决策略。After the Second World War,the US invested more political,economic and military resources in protecting its overseas interests,and established a comprehensive overseas interest protection mechanism during the Cold War.Since the 2008 financial crisis,the US global hegemonic position has encountered fundamental challenges,leading to a gradual shift in its overseas interest protection strategy.During the Obama,Trump,and Biden administrations,the US made partial adjustments to its strategies in foreign policy,military deployment,economy and international legal frameworks,profoundly affecting its global strategic layout for protecting overseas interests.To protect overseas interests,the Obama administration primarily adopted a mechanism of issue reshaping and dispute resolution,the Trump administration focused on unilateralism and the reshaping of trade relations,and the Biden administration leaned towards partnerships and minilateralism strategies.The US demonstrates continuity in its use of military and economic means for protecting overseas interests.Meanwhile,in response to great power competition,the US has shown a clear shift towards realism in its diplomatic principles,increasingly emphasizing economic security and the use of the "economic stick."China and other emerging economies must maintain strategic focus and proactively explore avenues for breakthroughs and solutions within the political and legal frameworks.

关 键 词：海外利益保护 议题重塑 单边主义 伙伴关系 经济安全 

分 类 号：F171.2[经济管理—世界经济] D871.2[政治法律—政治学]