微真空电弧推力器阴极斑点烧蚀特性数值计算研究  

Numerical simulation of ablation performance of microvacuum arc thruster using a cathode-spot model

作　　者：苗龙 陆昶 白松 廖煜淦 王宁飞[1] MIAO Long;LU Chang;BAI Song;LIAO Yugan;WANG Ningfei(School of Aerospace Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China;Chongqing Innovation Center,Beijing Institute of Technology,Chongqing 401120,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学宇航学院,北京100081 [2]北京理工大学重庆创新中心,重庆401120

出　　处：《推进技术》2024年第12期282-290,共9页Journal of Propulsion Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB3403500);国家自然科学基金(NSFC52202460)。

摘　　要：为了研究放电参数及阴极材料对微真空电弧推力器(μVAT)烧蚀与推力性能的影响规律,本文建立了μVAT阴极斑点烧蚀模型,完成了对推力器工作性能的数值计算研究,通过与实验数据对比验证了模型有效性。本文系统比较了几种典型阴极材料(Al,Ti,Cu)的烧蚀特性,并获得了微真空电弧推力器工作中离子电流、阴极烧蚀率、阴极斑点烧蚀半径、推力、比冲、推功比及效率等性能参数与电弧电流之间的定量关系。结果表明,工作过程中电弧电流的变化及阴极材料的选取都会对推力器的工作性能产生较为显著的影响。综合考虑各目标性能参数需求,当使用铜作为阴极材料时推力器综合性能最优。In order to investigate the influence of discharge parameters and cathode material on the ablation and thrust performance of micro-vacuum arc thruster(μVAT),this paper establishes a cathode spot ablation model ofμVAT,completing the numerical simulation on the working performance of the thruster,and verifies the model validity by comparing with the experiments.The ablation characteristics of several typical cathode mate⁃rials(Al,Ti,Cu)are systematically compared,quantitative relationships between working performance parame⁃ters and arc current are obtained,which include ion current,cathode ablation rate,cathode spot ablation radius,thrust,specific impulse,thrust to power ratio,efficiency.The results show that the change of arc current and the selection of cathode material in the working process will have a significant impact on the performance of the thruster.Considering the requirements of each target performance parameter,the overall performance of the thruster is optimal when copper is used as the cathode material.

关 键 词：微真空电弧推力器 阴极斑点模型 电弧电流 烧蚀率 推力性能 

分 类 号：V439.4[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]