低毒提金剂的研究现状与应用  

Research status and application of low toxicity gold lixiviants

作　　者：徐斌[1] 刘星奥 董中林 吴金甜 钟寿国 姜涛[1] 殷维 XU Bin;LIU Xingao;DONG Zhonglin;WU Jintian;ZHONG Shouguo;JIANG Tao;YIN Wei(School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083,China;China CEC Engineering Corporation,Changsha 410116,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学资源加工与生物工程学院,长沙410083 [2]中国轻工业长沙工程有限公司,长沙410116

出　　处：《中国有色金属学报》2024年第11期3713-3734,共22页The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52174271,51504293);中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2024T171057,2022M723549);湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2023JJ40723)。

摘　　要：随着我国将氰化尾渣及含氰废水处理污泥纳入新版《国家危险废物名录》,黄金企业面临着巨大的环保压力,故发展无毒或低毒提金工艺成为黄金行业的迫切需求。然而,由于提金成本高、浸出液中金回收工艺复杂、提金溶液循环困难等,硫代硫酸盐、硫脲、硫氰酸盐等无毒药剂至今尚未得到大规模推广应用。相较之下,低毒提金剂在毒性、提金效果、提金成本等方面相比氰化钠有着独特优势,具有良好的应用前景。本文首先对典型低毒提金剂的基本性质特征进行了概述,然后系统归纳了其合成工艺、合成机理及浸出机理,总结了低毒提金剂在国内外的相关应用,最后提出了低毒提金剂目前存在的问题,并对未来研究重点进行了展望。With China's cyanide tailings and cyanide-containing wastewater treatment sludge included in the new edition of the National Hazardous Waste List,gold enterprises are facing huge environmental pressure,so the development of non-toxic or low-toxic gold extraction process has become an urgent need for gold industries.However,due to the high cost of gold extraction,the complicated process of gold recovery from the leaching solution,and the difficulties in the circulation of gold extraction solution,the non-toxic gold lixiviants,such as thiosulfate,thiourea and thiocyanate,have not been widely applied.Compared with sodium cyanide,low-toxic gold lixiviants have unique advantages in toxicity,gold extraction effect and cost,and have a good application prospect.In this paper,the basic properties and characteristics of typical low-toxic gold lixiviants were summarized,and then the synthesis process,synthesis mechanism and leaching mechanism were systematically summarized.Then,the relevant applications of low-toxic gold lixiviants at home and abroad were summarized.Finally,the existing problems of low-toxic gold lixiviants were put forward and the future research focus was prospected.

关 键 词：黄金提取 氰化物 低毒提金剂 合成工艺和机理 浸出机理 

分 类 号：TD989[矿业工程—选矿]