红土镍矿加压浸出高压釜结垢机理  

Scale formation in autoclave of sulfuric acid pressure leaching process

作　　者：赵泽森 陈杰[1,2] 王晨晔[1,2] 李会泉[1,2] ZHAO Zesen;CHEN Jie;WANG Chenye;LI Huiquan(CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering,Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;National Engineering Research Center of Green Recycling for Strategic Metal Resources,Institute of Process Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院过程工程研究所中国科学院绿色过程与工程重点实验室,北京100190 [2]中国科学院过程工程研究所战略金属资源绿色循环利用国家工程研究中心,北京100190

出　　处：《中国有色金属学报》2024年第11期3766-3774,共9页The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2021YFC2902502)。

摘　　要：加压酸浸技术是目前在红土镍矿镍钴提取工业上应用最为广泛的湿法提取技术,具有能耗低、碳排放量少、镍钴回收率高等优点。但在红土镍矿加压酸浸时,高压釜易结垢导致其有效容积减小、釜内流体流型改变、管线堵塞。为了明晰红土镍矿加压酸浸高压釜结垢生成机理,本文通过化学分析、MLA矿物自动定量分析系统、扫描电镜等手段对高压釜结垢的矿物组成、主要矿物颗粒、元素赋存状态、嵌布特征和粒度分布等矿物学特征进行了研究。结果表明:高压釜结垢主要以水合硫酸铝为骨架,包裹红土镍矿浸出渣中的赤铁矿、铬铁矿等矿相形成。镍、钴、锰、镁等金属元素通过吸附进入高压釜结垢,其中镍和钴主要是被含铁矿相吸附。Sulfuric acid pressure leaching technology is the most widely utilized process in the industry for extraction nickel and cobalt from laterite ore.It boasts advantages,such as low energy consumption,low carbon emissions,and high nickel and cobalt recovery ratios.However,during the sulfuric acid pressure leaching of laterite ore,the autoclave is prone to scaling,which can lead to a reduction in the autoclave’s effective volume,alterations in fluid flow patterns within the autoclave,and pipeline blockages.In this paper,to clarify the scaling mechanism of laterite ore in sulfuric acid pressure leaching autoclave,we utilized chemical analysis,the MLA mineral automatic quantitative analysis system,scanning electron microscopy,and other methods to study the mineralogical characteristics of the autoclave scaling,including mineral composition,mineral particles,elemental states,embedding characteristics,and particle size distributions.The results show that the scale in the autoclave is mainly composed of hydrated aluminum sulfate as the framework,wrapped around hematite,chromite and other mineral phases in the leach residue of lateritic ore.Metal elements,such as nickel,cobalt,manganese and magnesium,enter the autoclave scale mainly through adsorption,with nickel and cobalt primarily adsorbed by iron-bearing mineral phases.

关 键 词：红土镍矿 湿法冶金 加压浸出 结垢 高压釜 

分 类 号：TF816[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]