粮食安全视域下种业知识产权惠益分享机制的实现路径  

The Realization Path of Seed Industry Intellectual Property Benefit Sharing Mechanism from the Perspective of Food Security

作　　者：李玲玲 邓紫元 LI Lingling;DENG Ziyuan(College of Humanities and Social Development,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学人文社会发展学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《种子》2024年第11期139-146,156,共9页Seed

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“黄土高原旱作适水改土与产能提升技术模式及应用”(2021YFD1900700)。

摘　　要：种业知识产权惠益分享机制的构建是解决种业知识产权发展中出现的专利丛林、利益忽视等潜在负外部性影响的关键举措。《种子法》等法律中已出现了惠益分享制度的雏形,但我国尚未建立起完善的种业知识产权惠益分享机制。当前种业知识产权惠益分享机制存在部分法理悖论与经验分歧,表现为知识产权的专有性与惠益分享的共享性、经济利益与政治利益的分歧、惠益分享主体利益失衡、形式适用局限和分享制度缺失等问题。需要在“利益平衡”的基础上以“代际公平”为衔接,引入“种业命运共同体”,完成价值重塑,再从具体制度框架、制度内容以及监管机制上予以完善,从而保障我国种业的良性发展和粮食安全。The establishment of benefit-sharing mechanism of seed industry intellectual property is the key measure to solve the potential negative externalities such as patent jungle and interest neglect in the development of seed industry intellectual property.The embryonic form of benefit-sharing system has appeared in the Seed Law of the People's Republic of China and other laws,but China has not yet established a perfect benefit-sharing mechanism of intellectual property rights in seed industry.At present,there are some legal paradoxes and empirical differences in the mechanism of intellectual property benefit sharing in seed industry,which are manifested as the exclusivity of intellectual property and the sharing of benefit sharing,the divergence between economic and political interests,the imbalance of benefits sharing subjects,the limitation of form application and the lack of sharing system.On the basis of balance of interests and intergenerational fairness,it is necessary to introduce seed industry community of destiny to complete the value reshaping,and build a specific realization system to resolve the differences at the theoretical and empirical levels,so as to provide institutional support for the healthy development of China's seed industry and food security.

关 键 词：粮食安全 种业知识产权 惠益分享 代际公平 种业命运共同体 

分 类 号：D922.4[政治法律—法学]