源古流新:先秦诸子互见文献的文本再造与溯源——以《孔子论欹器》和《金人铭》为中心  

Ancient Sources Flow New:the Textual Reconstruction and Traceability About the Intertextual Literature of the Pre-Qin Scholars—Centered on Confucius on Qiqi and Jin Renming

作　　者：高思莉 马世年[2] Gao Sili;Ma Shinian

机构地区：[1]西安电子科技大学人文学院,陕西西安710126 [2]西北师范大学文学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《中州学刊》2024年第11期160-168,共9页Academic Journal of Zhongzhou

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“先秦诸子互见文献整理与研究”(23XZW002)。

摘　　要：先秦诸子互见文献是诸子根据现实需要对既有文献进行再加工的结果,通过文献互见关系,我们可以进一步发现先秦诸子文献“源古流新”“虽亡犹存”“存而待识”的特殊状态,探寻诸子互见文献与诸子学派的互动关系。《孔子论欹器》和《金人铭》是先秦诸子文献中颇具代表性的互见文献,前者属于典型的同源互见文献,后者则属于典型的多源互见文献。从《孔子论欹器》的互见文献谱系可以看到,《荀子》中的文本保持了文献的早期面貌,《说苑》中的文本保留了亡佚已久的《子夏易传》部分文本,由此可以发现韩婴之学早期口耳相传的特点给写本文献留下的烙印。从《金人铭》的多源互见文献谱系可以发现,《说苑》并非《金人铭》的源头文献,其文本具有缀合晚出的特点,但其中留存了一些古老文献,这表明可能有一个早期祖本的《金人铭》。从战国早期到汉武帝时期,儒道互鉴经历了三个不同阶段,《说苑·金人铭》的文本体现出诸子互鉴发展到儒强道弱阶段的特征,这是其在汉代成篇的证据。Inter-textual literature was the result of re-processing the existing literature according to the needs of reality by pre-Qin scholars,and through the relationship between the inter-textual literature,it can be discovered the special state of pre-Qin scholars’literature,which was“originating from ancient times but further modified by later generations”,“the lost text is still existent”and“waited to be recognized”,and the interaction between pre-Qin literature and different schools can be explored.Confucius on Qiqi and Jin Renming were representative inter-textual texts of the pre-Qin scholars,the former belonging to the typical homologous intertextual text,while the latter belonging to the typical multi-source intertextual text.Based on the genealogy of intertextual text of Confucius on Qiqi,it can be seen that the text in Xun Zi maintained the early appearance of the literature,and part of the text of Zixia Yi Zhuan,which was long lost,was preserved in the Shuo Yuan.It was thus possible to discover the imprint left on the written literature by the early oral transmission characteristic of Han Ying’s learning.From the genealogy of the multi-source intertextual text of the Jin Renming,it can be found that the Shuoyuan-Jin Renming was not the earliest version,and it can be seen that its text had traces of modification by later generations,but some ancient texts were preserved,indicating that there may have been an early version of Jin Renming.Confucianism and Taoism passed through three different stages from the early Warring States period to the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty,and the Shuoyuan-Jin Renming showed that the intertextualization of the scholars had already developed into the stage of Confucianism being strong and Taoism being weak,which was the evidence that it became a text in the Han Dynasty.

关 键 词：先秦诸子 互见文献 《孔子论欹器》 《金人铭》 

分 类 号：I206[文学—中国文学]